nervous system
N |
• mice do not exhibit loss of lumbar level 5 motor neurons or denervation of the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, or soleus muscles
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Allele Symbol Allele Name Allele ID |
Mapt+ wild type MGI:2152802 |
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Summary |
22 genotypes
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• mice do not exhibit loss of lumbar level 5 motor neurons or denervation of the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, or soleus muscles
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• motor neuron degeneration is associated with astrocytosis and microgliosis
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• motor neuron degeneration is associated with astrocytosis and microgliosis
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• by P40, before motor neuron loss, a significant number of neuromuscular junctions in the tibialis anterior has no associated input, indicating early retraction of motor axons
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• loss of motor neurons at lumber level 5 (L5) is first seen at P60 and progresses steadily to P360
• however, no loss of parvalbumin-positive, proprioceptive sensory neurons in the L5 dorsal root ganglia is seen or of motor neuron loss in oculomotor nucleus at P360
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• by P40, denervation of the tibialis anterior neuromuscular junctions are seen before motor neuron loss
• denervation of the gastrocnemius muscle is seen at P90 when about 10% of neuromuscular junctions are vacant
• denervation in both the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles progresses steadily so that by P360, 30.2% and 13.9% of endplates are vacant in the respective muscles
• however, no denervation of the slow sloeus muscle is seen at 1 year
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• motor neuron degeneration is associated with astrocytosis and microgliosis
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• motor neuron degeneration is associated with astrocytosis and microgliosis
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• motor neuron degeneration is associated with astrocytosis and microgliosis
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• motor neuron degeneration is associated with astrocytosis and microgliosis
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• hind-limb weakness; wire hang analysis of P360 mice shows that the average latency to fall is about half that of the controls
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• motor neuron degeneration is associated with astrocytosis and microgliosis
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• motor neuron degeneration is associated with astrocytosis and microgliosis
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• internal nuclei and decreased fiber diameter are seen in the tibialis anterior muscle
• sarcomere length in tibialis anterior muscle is reduced
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• sarcomere length in tibialis anterior muscle is reduced
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• motor neuron degeneration is associated with astrocytosis and microgliosis
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• motor neuron degeneration is associated with astrocytosis and microgliosis
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• by P20, before motor neuron loss, 11.4% of neuromuscular junctions in the tibialis anterior have no associated input, indicating early retraction of motor axons
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• loss of motor neurons at lumber level 5 (L5) is first seen at P30 and progresses steadily to P360
• however, no loss of parvalbumin-positive, proprioceptive sensory neurons in the L5 dorsal root ganglia is seen or of motor neuron loss in oculomotor nucleus at P360
• increase in spontaneous activity in motor neurons, a sign of active denervation of neurogenic origin
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• in the axon terminals of motor neurons, the number of morphologically normal mitochondria is decreased and the remaining mitochondria appear dilated and vacuolated with disorganized cristae and membranes
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• by P20, before motor neuron loss, 11.4% of neuromuscular junctions in the tibialis anterior have no associated input, indicating early retraction of motor axons
• denervation of the gastrocnemius muscle is seen at P90 when about 10% of neuromuscular junctions are vacant
• denervation in both the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles progresses steadily so that by P360, 36.7% and 19.3% of endplates are vacant in the respective muscles
• by P360, 36.7% and 19.3% of neuromuscular junctions are denervated in the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles, respectively
• by P360, only 10% of slow soleus muscle motor terminals are vacant
• at P30, neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) show pre-synaptic abnormalities, including a 40% reduction in the density of synaptic vesicles in the pre-synaptic terminals
• however, the number of active zones-the main apparatus for synaptic vesicle release-is unchanged
• in the axon terminals of motor neurons, the number of morphologically normal mitochondria is decreased and the remaining mitochondria appear dilated and vacuolated with disorganized cristae and membranes, while on the postsynaptic side of NMJs, abnormal mitochondria are seen
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• at 50 Hz, a 45% reduction of the motor response amplitude in the tibialis anterior, suggesting that motor neurons cannot sustain reliable neurotransmission at the NMJs and exhibit abnormal synaptic depression
• at 100 Hz, mice exhibit synaptic depression, however the motor response in tibialis anterior motor neurons is often completely absent, indicating failure of neurotransmission
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• motor neurons exhibit abnormal synaptic depression
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• internal nuclei and decreased fiber diameter are seen in the tibialis anterior muscle
• sarcomere length in tibialis anterior muscle is reduced
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• motor neuron degeneration is associated with astrocytosis and microgliosis
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• motor neuron degeneration is associated with astrocytosis and microgliosis
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• mice exhibit normal cortical anatomy and neuronal migration and cell type specification of cortical neuron
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• in the somatosensory cortex at P5
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• at P24, mice exhibit an increase in number and density of neurons in the somatosensory neurons compared with wild-type mice
• however, the density of interneurons in the somatosensory cortex is normal
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• at P24, mice exhibit an increase in number and density of neurons in the somatosensory neurons compared with wild-type mice
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• in the somatosensory cortex at P5
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• heterozygous mice are fertile and healthy with no obvious abnormalities
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• severity is reduced and seizure onset is delayed after pentylenetetrazole treatment compared to wild-type mice
• mice are resistant to kainate-induced seizures over a larger range of doses than wild-type mice
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• severity is reduced and seizure onset is delayed after pentylenetetrazole treatment compared to wild-type mice
• mice are resistant to kainate-induced seizures over a larger range of doses than wild-type mice
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• motor neuron loss is seen at P60 but not P30, when 10% of lumbar level 5 (L5) motor neurons are lost and by P360, there are 18.6% fewer motor neurons overall in the L5 segment
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• about 10% denervation of the tibialis anterior neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), first seen at P60 which progresses with age such that at P360, about 25% of NMJs are denervated
• denervation is first noted at P120 in the gastrocnemius muscle where about 10% of NMJs are denervated
• however, even at P360, no denervation is seen in the soleus muscle NMJs
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• significant motor neuron loss is seen at P30 but not P10, and by P360, there are 22.6% fewer motor neurons overall in the lumbar level 5 (L5) segment
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• about 10% denervation of the tibialis anterior neuromuscular junctions, first seen at P20 which progresses with age such that at P360, about 30% of NMJs are denervated
• denervation is first noted at P120 in the gastrocnemius muscle where about 13% of NMJs are denervated
• however, even at P360, no denervation is seen in the soleus muscle NMJs
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• mice treated with tamoxifen postnatally show denervation in the tibialis anterior muscle where about 12% of neuromuscular junctions are denervated
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• spinal trigeminal nucleus (SpV, trigeminal somatosensory relay nucleus) does not form; Lmx1b+ and Tlx3+ neurons cannot be detected at E14 and 18 in lateral medulla, but such neurons ar abundant in control SpV
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• ectopic dB3* and dBLb3* neurons are assembled in a broad dorsal band
• absence of SpV causes shape abnormalities in medulla
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• mutants have increased number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in dorsal medulla
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• many ectopic neurons are observed in the ventral alar plate at E10.5
• neurons expressing Phox2b, Lmx1b, and Tlx3, thus diplaying identity of dA3 neurons, arise early in neurogenesis at positions where dB3 neurons are normally generated, and are designated dB3* neurons
• such ectopic neurons (DBLb*) also arise during the late phase of neurogenesis, at the expense of dBLb (late-born dB neurons) whereas Phox2b+ neurons are only generated early in control mice
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• dB3 and dBLb neurons are misspecified, and an increased number of ectopic dB3* and dBLb3* neurons with the molecular characteristics of dA3 neurons Lmx1b are seen in mutants vs controls at E14 and settle like dA3 neurons in a broad band in dorsal medulla close to solitary tract
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• many ectopic neurons are observed in the ventral alar plate at E10.5
• neurons expressing Phox2b, Lmx1b, and Tlx3, thus diplaying identity of dA3 neurons, arise early in neurogenesis at positions where dB3 neurons are normally generated, and are designated dB3* neurons
• such ectopic neurons (DBLb*) also arise during the late phase of neurogenesis, at the expense of dBLb (late-born dB neurons) whereas Phox2b+ neurons are only generated early in control mice
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• mice have 25% of the wild-type number of muscle spindles
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• while sensory axons reach the skin only rudimentary sensory axon branching is established within the skin
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• sensory afferents fail to invade the spinal cord and are found in an extreme lateral position at the dorsal root entry zone
• sensory afferents are bifurcated at the entry point
• sensory afferent fibers fail to approach the midline at the distal segments and continue to occupy an extreme lateral position
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• unlike wild-type cells, dorsal root ganglia neurons survive in culture without the addition of neurotrophic agents
• whole dorsal root ganglia require neurotrophin-3 for survival
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• mice have 25% of the wild-type number of muscle spindles
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• mice have very few dorsal root ganglia neurons at brachial levels and increasingly more neurons progressing caudally undergo recombination
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• mice have very few dorsal root ganglia neurons at brachial levels and increasingly more neurons progressing caudally undergo recombination
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• frequencies of locomotor activity induced in isolated spinal cords increase with increasing NMDA concentrations, but are significantly lower than those observed in control spinal cords
• locomotor burst duration increases but duty cycle is not changed in mutant preparations (increased interburst interval)
• coefficients of variation of main locomotor parameters (cycle period, burst duration, amplitude, duty cycle) are increased compared to controls
• spinal cords from mutants display lower drug-evoked and stimulus-evoked locomotor frequencies
• flexor-extensor coupling is not significantly changed at any locomotor frequency
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• whole dorsal root ganglia require neurotrophin-3 for survival
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• mice survive for several months after birth
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N |
• long term depression is normal
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• mice exhibiting zygotic cre expression die within a week of birth
• however, remaining mice survive at least 8 months
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• slightly at 2 months
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• at 2 months
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• striatum volume is reduced compared to in wild-type mice
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• striatal neurons are smaller than in wild-type mice with smaller cell bodies
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• dendritic complexity, number, length, and volume occupied in striatal neurons are reduced compared to in wild-type mice
• dendritic spine densities and total number of spines of striatal neurons are decreased compared to in wild-type mice
• CA1 hippocampal neuron exhibit reduced apical dendrite complexity and reduced proportion of mushroom spines where as mice exhibit an increased in the number of thin spines compared to in wild-type mice
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• the optic nerve is hypomyelinated and axonal diameters are reduced compared to in wild-type mice
• however, mice exhibit normal optic nerve cross-sectional area and axon numbers
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• light/dark exploration is impaired compared to in wild-type mice
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• at 8 weeks
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• mice exhibit bursts of hyperactivity followed by periods of inactivity that were longer than normal
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• at 8 weeks, male mice are slightly lighter than wild-type mice
• however, by 4 weeks male mice exhibit normal body weight
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• by 6 weeks and there after, female mice exhibit mild to severe obesity with a 43% increased in body weight compared with wild-type mice
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• the optic nerve is hypomyelinated and axonal diameters are reduced compared to in wild-type mice
• however, mice exhibit normal optic nerve cross-sectional area and axon numbers
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
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• most mice die between 8 weeks and 24 weeks of age
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
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• in the novelty-induced hypophagia test, adult males show a significantly longer latency to drink milk in a novel, brightly lit cage as well as reduced milk consumption relative to controls, indicating increased anxiety
• however, no significant differences are noted in the light/dark transition or marble-burying tests
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• at P21, Stat1 expression in the cortex is significantly higher than in controls
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• normal proprioceptive sensory axonal projection to the ventral spinal cord
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• decrease in monosynaptic sensory-motor connections from sensory neurons innervating the hamstring knee flexor muscle
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• number of boutons on the soma of motor neurons innervating the hamstring knee flexor muscle are reduced while the density of boutons in the vicinity remains normal
• normal vGlut+ boutons on Glu motor neurons
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• mean amplitudes of the monosynaptic EPSPs in motor neurons innervating the hamstring knee flexor muscle are reduced comparing to wild-type
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
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• mutant activity as measured by exploratory response and total nocturnal activity does not differ from wild-type mice
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• mutants display normal body weight
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• mutants display normal brain weight
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• mice show no signs of hyperactivity
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• seizures are less severe and occur at longer latencies compared to transgenic mice with wild-type Mapt
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• in the hidden platform version of the Morris water maze, non-trangenic controls, regardless of Mapt genotype learn the task over 3 days, whereas transgenic mice heterozygous for Mapttm1Hnd show show impaired learning compared to controls but less impairment than transgenic mice with normal Mapt expression
• in probe trials where the platform is removed, mice show delayed learning, compared to non transgenic controls or transgenic mice with wild-type Mapt, with more target than non-target crossings after 5 days of training
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• seizures are less severe and occur at longer latencies compared to transgenic mice with wild-type Mapt
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• at 4-7 months and 14-18 months, Abeta plaque deposition is observed, at levels the same as other transgenics null or wild-type for Mapt
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• mice show neuritic dystrophy around amyloid plaques
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• aberrant sprouting of hippocampal axons is observed in transgenic mice
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• aberrant sprouting of hippocampal axons is observed in transgenic mice
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• at 4-7 months and 14-18 months, Abeta plaque deposition is observed, at levels the same as other transgenics null or wild-type for Mapt
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Mouse Genome Database (MGD), Gene Expression Database (GXD), Mouse Models of Human Cancer database (MMHCdb) (formerly Mouse Tumor Biology (MTB)), Gene Ontology (GO) |
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last database update 03/25/2025 MGI 6.24 |
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