Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• homozygous mice at weaning stage found at a significantly lower rate (73/519) than expected Mendelian ratio (130/519) from heterozygous mutant intercross
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embryo
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• severely reduced
• lacks large islands of glycogen cells
• thin at E12.5
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• severely reduced
• lack large islands of glycogen cells
• thin at E12.5
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• near absence of large islands of glycogen cells in the spongiotrophoblast layer
• no massive invasion of glycogen cells in the decidual layer
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• reduced volume without disruption in structure
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• at E16.5
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growth/size/body
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• adult mice are 20% smaller than wild-type littermates
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• through adulthood
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• reduction in 4-week old male body weight of around 20% compared to wild-type or Ptp4a1 homozygous knockout
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• at E16.5
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reproductive system
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N |
• males show no significant differences in Sertoli cell number, prostate and seminal vesicle size, or sperm motility relative to wild-type controls
(J:209512)
• normal Sertoli cell numbers in 3-months old testis, as determined by vimentin staining
(J:250112)
• normal numbers of undifferentiated spermatogonia in 3-months old testis, as determined by Zbtb16 (PLZF) staining
(J:250112)
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• at 2 weeks of age, the number of Kit-positive cells (differentiating spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes) per seminiferous tubule is significantly reduced, while the number of PLZF-positive undifferentiated spermatogonia is normal
(J:209512)
• 30 +/- 4% reduction in differentiating spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes, as determined by Kit staining
(J:250112)
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• male germ cells isolated from 3-month-old testes show a 1.6-fold increase in PTEN protein level leading to a reduction in both basal and Stem Cell Factor (SCF)-induced Akt phosphorylation
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• number of apoptotic cells is 6-fold higher at 2 weeks and at 3 months and 9-fold higher at 6 months of age, as shown by cleaved PARP1 staining
(J:209512)
• TUNEL staining confirmed that germ cell apoptosis is increased at 2 weeks of age
(J:209512)
• 3-fold increase in number of apoptotic cells in 3-months old testis according to cleaved-PARP1 staining
(J:250112)
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• severely reduced
• lacks large islands of glycogen cells
• thin at E12.5
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• abnormal clusters of germ cells are found in the lumen of seminiferous tubules at 3 months and, more frequently, at 6 months of age; most of these are apoptotic cells, as shown by cleaved PARP1 staining
(J:209512)
• seminiferous tubules are either totally or partially devoid of germ cells at 6 months
(J:209512)
• however, average Sertoli cell number per tubule is normal, as shown by vimentin labeling
(J:209512)
• empty space where certain cell types are lost
(J:250112)
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• seminiferous epithelium thickness is significantly reduced at 2 weeks of age
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• diameter of seminiferous tubules is reduced by ~20% at 3 months of age
(J:209512)
• tubule diameter is reduced as early as at 2 weeks of age
(J:209512)
• diameter reduced by 21 +/- 6%
(J:250112)
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• testes are markedly smaller at 3 months of age
(J:209512)
• reduction in testis weight of 43 +/- 8% compared to wild-type
(J:250112)
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• ~30% reduction in testis/body weight ratio at 3 months of age
(J:209512)
• reduction in testis weight of 43 +/- 8% compared to wild-type
(J:250112)
• reduction in testis/body weight ratio (normalized body weight) of 33 +/- 16% compared to wild-type
(J:250112)
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• males develop testicular hypotrophy
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• spermatogenesis is impaired largely, if not entirely, due to blockage of Kit-PI3K-Akt signaling, as a result of elevated PTEN expression
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• epididymis contains significantly fewer spermatozoa than wild-type, esp. at 6 months of age
(J:209512)
• 54 +/- 18% reduction in sperm count in epididymis of 3-months old males compared to wild-type
(J:250112)
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• caudal epididymis shows paucity of spermatozoa along with numerous ectopically released germ cells in the epididymal lumen at 6 months of age
(J:209512)
• numerous round-shaped cells released into cauda epididymis
(J:250112)
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• after mating with wild-type virgin females for 6 consecutive days, average litter size derived from 3- or 6-month-old males is smaller than that from age-matched wild-type males
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• males exhibit full penetrance of sterility after 9 months of age
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• despite a normal sexual drive, males show a progressive decline in fertility, first evident at 3 months of age
• by 6 months of age, only 20% of plugged females become pregnant versus 71% of females plugged by wild-type males
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immune system
cellular
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• at 2 weeks of age, the number of Kit-positive cells (differentiating spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes) per seminiferous tubule is significantly reduced, while the number of PLZF-positive undifferentiated spermatogonia is normal
(J:209512)
• 30 +/- 4% reduction in differentiating spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes, as determined by Kit staining
(J:250112)
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• epididymis contains significantly fewer spermatozoa than wild-type, esp. at 6 months of age
(J:209512)
• 54 +/- 18% reduction in sperm count in epididymis of 3-months old males compared to wild-type
(J:250112)
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• in the spongiotrophoblast at E12.5
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• male germ cells isolated from 3-month-old testes show a 1.6-fold increase in PTEN protein level leading to a reduction in both basal and Stem Cell Factor (SCF)-induced Akt phosphorylation
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• number of apoptotic cells is 6-fold higher at 2 weeks and at 3 months and 9-fold higher at 6 months of age, as shown by cleaved PARP1 staining
(J:209512)
• TUNEL staining confirmed that germ cell apoptosis is increased at 2 weeks of age
(J:209512)
• 3-fold increase in number of apoptotic cells in 3-months old testis according to cleaved-PARP1 staining
(J:250112)
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• abnormal clusters of germ cells are found in the lumen of seminiferous tubules at 3 months and, more frequently, at 6 months of age; most of these are apoptotic cells, as shown by cleaved PARP1 staining
(J:209512)
• seminiferous tubules are either totally or partially devoid of germ cells at 6 months
(J:209512)
• however, average Sertoli cell number per tubule is normal, as shown by vimentin labeling
(J:209512)
• empty space where certain cell types are lost
(J:250112)
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• seminiferous epithelium thickness is significantly reduced at 2 weeks of age
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• diameter of seminiferous tubules is reduced by ~20% at 3 months of age
(J:209512)
• tubule diameter is reduced as early as at 2 weeks of age
(J:209512)
• diameter reduced by 21 +/- 6%
(J:250112)
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• testes are markedly smaller at 3 months of age
(J:209512)
• reduction in testis weight of 43 +/- 8% compared to wild-type
(J:250112)
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• ~30% reduction in testis/body weight ratio at 3 months of age
(J:209512)
• reduction in testis weight of 43 +/- 8% compared to wild-type
(J:250112)
• reduction in testis/body weight ratio (normalized body weight) of 33 +/- 16% compared to wild-type
(J:250112)
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• males develop testicular hypotrophy
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hematopoietic system
homeostasis/metabolism
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N |
• males show no significant differences in serum testosterone levels relative to wild-type males
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