growth/size/body
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• females are 12.7% heavier than controls at 20 weeks of age
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Allele Symbol Allele Name Allele ID |
Tg(Sim1-cre)1Lowl transgene insertion 1, Bradford B Lowell MGI:3692526 |
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Summary |
11 genotypes
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
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• females are 12.7% heavier than controls at 20 weeks of age
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
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• increased fat pad weight: gonadal, subcutaneous, retroperitoneal, mesenteric and BAT
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• males exhibit no motor weakness in wire hang test
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• hyperphagic with a 47% increase in average daily food intake
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• decreased horizontal locomotor activity
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• during adulthood
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• elevated immunoreactivity for corticotropin-releasing hormone in the paraventricular nucleus
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• when fed a Western diet for 18 weeks, mice show no differences in total increase in body weight and composition relative to controls
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• at 1 year, but not at 3 months, of age, percentage of lean mass is significantly higher than in control mice
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• at 1 year, but not at 3 months, of age, body weight is significantly lower than that in control mice
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N |
• at 1 year of age, inguinal and visceral adipose tissues show no differences in WAT droplet size relative to control mice; lipid accumulation phenotype is unchanged in Western diet-fed mice
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• at 1 year of age, intracapsular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) shows significantly less fat accumulation (pixels of fat droplets/area) than in control mice
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• at 1 year, but not at 3 months, of age, percentage of fat mass is significantly lower than in control mice
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N |
• at 3 months of age, mice exhibit normal glucose tolerance relative to control mice
• when fed a Western diet for 18 weeks, mice show normal glucose tolerance and no differences in calorimetry relative to controls
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• at 1 year of age, mice exhibit increased heat production over time and a significant increase in heat production per body weight
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N |
• mice show no fat accumulation in the liver at 1 year of age
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• at 1 year of age, total food intake is not significantly altered, either under basal or refeed-challenged conditions; refeed responses are also unchanged in Western diet-fed mice
• at 3 months of age, mice do not exhibit altered anxiety-related behavioral phenotypes
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• at 3 months and at 1 year of age, mice exhibit increased dark-phase locomotion, as indicated by the light beam breaks count
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• elevated immunoreactivity for corticotropin-releasing hormone in the paraventricular nucleus
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N |
• despite increase in corticotropin-releasing hormone levels in the paraventricular nucleus, circulating adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone are largely unaffected
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• mice spend increased time in center in open-field paradigm
• mice exhibit a shorter latency into both center and neutral areas in open-field paradigm
• entry into center of holeboard is increased
• increase in exploratory tendency and risky behavior in a new environment
• mice spend less time in closed arms and increased time in open arms of elevated plus maze
• mice exhibit a decreased latency to enter lit arms of light-dark box
• mice exhibit a preference for approaching a novel versus familiar object
• mice exhibit a longer exploratory duration around a novel object
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• adrenal atrophy especially in the zone fasciculata of the adrenal gland
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• stress-induced plasma corticosterone release is two-thirds of controls
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• decreased basal, diurnal, and stressor-stimulated plasma corticosterone secretion
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• decreased plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
N |
• at 12 weeks, transgenic mice and wild-type littermates have the same snout-anus length, compared to increased length observed in nontransgenic Mc4rtm1Lowl mice
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• transgenic mice have increased lean mass compared with wild-type littermates, but significantly decreased lean mass compared to Mc4rtm1Lowl littermates
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• transgenic mice have increased fat mass compared with wild-type littermates, but significantly decreased fat mass compared to Mc4rtm1Lowl littermates
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• at 12 weeks of age, male and female mutants have only 37% and 46% respectively, of the obesity observed in mice homozygous for Mc4r disruption
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• mice do not show an increase in oxygen consumption from stimulation by MTII as wild-type mice do
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• oxygen consumption is reduced in the dark and light cycles compared to wild-type and is similar to Mc4rtm1Lowl homozygotes
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N |
• transgenic mice are obese, yet show food intake comparable to wild-type mice at 11 weeks of age
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• when treated with MTII an Mc4r inhibitor, wild-type mice show a 50% reduction in food intake, while transgenic mice display no effect on intake
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• increase in fat mass
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• pair-feeding to a normal dietary intake only partially reverses obesity
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♀ | phenotype observed in females |
♂ | phenotype observed in males |
N | normal phenotype |
• mice exhibit increased body weight, fate weight and lean weight at 16 weeks of age
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• mice fed a high-fat diet starting at 6 weeks of age and maintained for 4 weeks exhibit increased body weight and fat weight
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• mice fed a high-fat diet starting at 6 weeks of age and maintained for 4 weeks exhibit increased body weight and fat weight
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Mouse Genome Database (MGD), Gene Expression Database (GXD), Mouse Models of Human Cancer database (MMHCdb) (formerly Mouse Tumor Biology (MTB)), Gene Ontology (GO) |
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last database update 03/25/2025 MGI 6.24 |
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