mortality/aging
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• increased mortality following treatment with DEN compared to treatment matched wild-type controls
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liver/biliary system
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• increased contribution of amino acids to mitochondrial respiration in primary hepatocytes
• increase in the efficiency of use of glutamine in primary hepatocytes
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• in primary hepatocytes
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• in primary hepatocytes
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• increased number of lipid droplets in primary hepatocytes
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• liver tumors are found in 77.8% of mice at 20 months of age compared to no visible tumors in age matched wild-type controls
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• significantly increased high-fat diet induced hepatic steatosis compared to diet matched controls
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neoplasm
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• increased incidence of DEN induced hepatocellular carcinomas
• 97.5% increase in the liver index and 2.41-fold higher incidence of tumor nodules in DEN treated mice compared to treatment matched wild-type controls
• significant lipid accumulation of lipids in tumor nodules
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• liver tumors are found in 77.8% of mice at 20 months of age compared to no visible tumors in age matched wild-type controls
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cellular
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• increased contribution of amino acids to mitochondrial respiration in primary hepatocytes
• increase in the efficiency of use of glutamine in primary hepatocytes
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• uptake of NAD+ and acetyl-CoA are reduced by 45.9% and 53.6% in liver mitochondria compared to wild-type controls
• however, uptake of adenosine and flavin adenine dinucleotide are similar to controls
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• in primary hepatocytes
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• in primary hepatocytes
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• increased mortality following treatment with DEN compared to treatment matched wild-type controls
|
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• increased incidence of DEN induced hepatocellular carcinomas
• 97.5% increase in the liver index and 2.41-fold higher incidence of tumor nodules in DEN treated mice compared to treatment matched wild-type controls
• significant lipid accumulation of lipids in tumor nodules
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