Phenotypes associated with this allele

• Allele Symbol: Id1^tm1Zhu
• Allele Name: targeted mutation 1, Yuan Zhuang
• Allele ID: MGI:2679939
• Summary: 12 genotypes

Jump to	Allelic Composition	Genetic Background	Genotype ID
hm1	Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^tm1Zhu	either: 129/Sv-Id1^tm1Zhu or (involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6)	MGI:5000523
hm2	Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^tm1Zhu	involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6	MGI:5002348
hm3	Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^tm1Zhu	involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:3759550
ht4	Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^+	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor	MGI:5000532
cx5	Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^tm1Zhu Id3^tm1Zhu/Id3^tm1Zhu	either: (involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor) or (involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor * C57BL/6)	MGI:5000527
cx6	Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^tm1Zhu Id3^tm1Zhu/Id3^tm1Zhu	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor	MGI:5000530
cx7	Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^+ Id3^tm1Zhu/Id3^tm1Zhu	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor	MGI:5000531
cx8	Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^tm1Zhu Id3^tm1Zhu/Id3^+	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor	MGI:5002366
cx9	Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^+ Id3^tm1Zhu/Id3^+ Twist1^tm1Bhr/Twist1^+	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor * 129S7/SvEvBrd	MGI:5000537
cx10	Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^tm1Zhu Id3^tm1Zhu/Id3^+ Twist1^tm1Bhr/Twist1^+	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor * 129S7/SvEvBrd	MGI:5000538
cx11	Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^tm1Zhu Tcf3^tm1Wein/Tcf3^tm1Wein	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor * C57BL/6	MGI:5000525
cx12	Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^tm1Zhu Twist1^tm1Bhr/Twist1^+	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S7/SvEvBrd	MGI:5000536

Genotype
MGI:5000523

hm1

• Allelic Composition: Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^tm1Zhu
• Genetic Background: either: 129/Sv-Id1^tm1Zhu or (involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6)

• ♀: phenotype observed in females
• ♂: phenotype observed in males
• N: normal phenotype

mortality/aging

mortality/aging ( J:44278 )

N • mice are born in expected Mendelian frequencies

reproductive system

reproductive system phenotype ( J:44278 )

N • mice are fertile

N • no major abnormalities are detected in the testis

cardiovascular system

cardiovascular system phenotype ( J:44278 )

N • no major abnormalities are detected in the heart

digestive/alimentary system

digestive/alimentary phenotype ( J:44278 )

N • no major abnormalities are detected in the gastrointestinal tract

endocrine/exocrine glands

endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype ( J:44278 )

N • no major abnormalities are detected in the adrenal glands and thyroid

hematopoietic system

hematopoietic system phenotype ( J:44278 )

N • no major abnormalities are detected in the spleen

N • development of lymphoid and hematopoietic lineages is normal

liver/biliary system

liver/biliary system phenotype ( J:44278 )

N • no major abnormalities are detected in the liver

muscle

muscle phenotype ( J:44278 )

N • no major abnormalities are detected in the muscle

nervous system

nervous system phenotype ( J:44278 )

N • no major abnormalities are detected in the brain

renal/urinary system

renal/urinary system phenotype ( J:44278 )

N • no major abnormalities are detected in the kidney

Genotype
MGI:5002348

hm2

• Allelic Composition: Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^tm1Zhu
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6

Osteoporotic phenotype of 6 week old Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^tm1Zhu mice

hematopoietic system

abnormal osteoclast differentiation ( J:155384 )

• osteoclast differentiation is increased compared to in wild-type mice

abnormal myelopoiesis ( J:155384 )

• myeloid differentiation is enhanced compared to in wild-type mice

myeloid hyperplasia ( J:155384 )

• mice treated with 5-fluorouracil exhibit increased white blood cells, neutrophils, and monocytes compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice

abnormal bone marrow cell morphology/development ( J:119519 )

• the relative proportion of megakaryocyte-erythroid and granulocyte-monocyte progenitors is inverted compared to in wild-type mice

• hematopoietic stem cells exhibit premature myeloid commitment compared with wild-type cells

decreased bone marrow cell number ( J:119519 )

• 75% of wild-type

decreased erythrocyte cell number ( J:119519 , J:155384 )

• marginally (J:119519)

increased neutrophil cell number ( J:155384 )

thrombocytopenia ( J:155384 )

decreased lymphocyte cell number ( J:119519 )

• 50% of wild-type

increased osteoclast cell number ( J:155384 )

• 1.6-fold

increased monocyte cell number ( J:155384 )

decreased hematopoietic stem cell number ( J:119519 )

• 2- to 4-fold

• however, mice exhibit normal frequencies of long-term and short-term self-renewing hematopoietic stem cell

abnormal hematopoietic stem cell physiology ( J:119519 , J:155384 )

• hematopoietic stem cells exhibit diminished self-renewal capacity and quicker entry into S phase compared with wild-type cells (J:119519)

• hematopoietic stem cells exhibit enhanced proliferation in vivo compared with wild-type cells (J:155384)

• however, in vitro proliferation is normal (J:155384)

skeleton

abnormal osteoclast differentiation ( J:155384 )

• osteoclast differentiation is increased compared to in wild-type mice

increased osteoclast cell number ( J:155384 )

• 1.6-fold

abnormal bone marrow morphology ( J:155384 )

• marrow area is decreased compared to in wild-type mice

decreased bone mineral content ( J:155384 )

decreased bone mineral density ( J:155384 )

decreased bone volume ( J:155384 )

decreased trabecular bone thickness ( J:155384 )

osteoporosis ( J:155384 )

decreased bone strength ( J:155384 )

• bones exhibit decreased bending moment and bending rigidity compared with wild-type bone

fragile skeleton ( J:155384 )

• bones exhibit are weaker and more prone to fracture compared with wild-type bone

growth/size/body

decreased body size ( J:155384 )

immune system

abnormal osteoclast differentiation ( J:155384 )

• osteoclast differentiation is increased compared to in wild-type mice

abnormal myelopoiesis ( J:155384 )

• myeloid differentiation is enhanced compared to in wild-type mice

myeloid hyperplasia ( J:155384 )

• mice treated with 5-fluorouracil exhibit increased white blood cells, neutrophils, and monocytes compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice

increased neutrophil cell number ( J:155384 )

decreased lymphocyte cell number ( J:119519 )

• 50% of wild-type

increased osteoclast cell number ( J:155384 )

• 1.6-fold

increased monocyte cell number ( J:155384 )

cellular

abnormal osteoclast differentiation ( J:155384 )

• osteoclast differentiation is increased compared to in wild-type mice

Genotype
MGI:3759550

hm3

• Allelic Composition: Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^tm1Zhu
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J

respiratory system

increased lung endothelial cell apoptosis ( J:125521 )

• LMVCs cultured for 3 days and treated with bleomycin exhibit increased apoptosis (17.3%) relative to similarly treated wild-type LMVCs (8.2%)

decreased lung endothelial cell proliferation ( J:125521 )

• lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMVCs) have reduced proliferative properties compared to wild-type LMVCs

abnormal lung morphology ( J:125521 )

• bleomycin-treated mice exhibit a 35% increase in parenchymal distortion and fibrosis relative to in bleomycin-treated wild-type mice

pulmonary fibrosis ( J:125521 )

• bleomycin-treated mice exhibit an increase in fibrosis relative to in bleomycin-treated wild-type mice

• after 2 weeks, bleomycin-treated mice exhibit a 90% increase in collagen deposition in the lung compared to in bleomycin-treated wild-type mice

cardiovascular system

increased vascular endothelial cell apoptosis ( J:125521 )

• bleomycin-treated mice exhibit a 37.6% increase in vascular endothelial cell apoptosis relative to in bleomycin-treated wild-type mice

• however, vascular endothelial cell apoptosis rates in untreated mice are normal

increased vascular permeability ( J:125521 )

• bleomycin-treated mice exhibit a 58% increase in vascular permeability of Evans dye compared to bleomycin-treated wild-type mice

cellular

increased vascular endothelial cell apoptosis ( J:125521 )

• bleomycin-treated mice exhibit a 37.6% increase in vascular endothelial cell apoptosis relative to in bleomycin-treated wild-type mice

• however, vascular endothelial cell apoptosis rates in untreated mice are normal

increased lung endothelial cell apoptosis ( J:125521 )

• LMVCs cultured for 3 days and treated with bleomycin exhibit increased apoptosis (17.3%) relative to similarly treated wild-type LMVCs (8.2%)

decreased lung endothelial cell proliferation ( J:125521 )

• lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMVCs) have reduced proliferative properties compared to wild-type LMVCs

Genotype
MGI:5000532

ht4

• Allelic Composition: Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1⁺
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor

neoplasm

decreased metastatic potential ( J:86480 )

• injected B6RV2 and LCC tumors exhibit decreased metastases compared to when tumors are injected into wild-type mice

decreased tumor growth/size ( J:86480 )

• injected B6,RV2, B-CA, and LCC tumors exhibit impaired tumor growth compared to when tumors are injected into wild-type mice

tumor regression ( J:86480 )

• injected B6RV2 tumors exhibit tumor regression compared to when tumors are injected into wild-type mice

Genotype
MGI:5000527

cx5

• Allelic Composition: Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^tm1Zhu; Id3^tm1Zhu/Id3^tm1Zhu
• Genetic Background: either: (involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor) or (involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor * C57BL/6)

mortality/aging

preweaning lethality, complete penetrance ( J:44278 )

• mice are not viable

Genotype
MGI:5000530

cx6

• Allelic Composition: Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^tm1Zhu; Id3^tm1Zhu/Id3^tm1Zhu
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor

mortality/aging

embryonic lethality during organogenesis, complete penetrance ( J:86480 , J:170418 )

• mice do not survive beyond E13.5 (J:86480)

• however, mice are found in Mendelian ratios at E10.5 (J:86480)

• lethal around E13.5 (J:170418)

nervous system

abnormal brain vasculature morphology ( J:86480 )

• aberrant capillaries flank the cavity that forms near ganglionic eminences

intracranial hemorrhage ( J:86480 )

• at E12.5

premature neuronal precursor differentiation ( J:86480 )

abnormal neuronal precursor proliferation ( J:86480 , J:170418 )

• at E11.5, fewer proliferating cells are present in the neuroepithelium of the telencephalon and rhombencephalon compared to in wild-type mice (J:86480)

• proliferation of neuronal progenitors is increased compared to in wild-type mice (J:170418)

decreased brain size ( J:86480 )

abnormal embryonic/fetal subventricular zone morphology ( J:86480 )

• at E12.5, ganglionic eminences develop cavitational lesions with areas of hypocellularity that coalesce unlike in wild-type mice

• aberrant capillaries flank the cavity

vision/eye

small lens ( J:170418 )

abnormal retina development ( J:170418 )

• at E13.5, embryonic retinal progenitor cells exhibit decreased proliferation compared with wild-type cells

• however, progenitor cell apoptosis is normal

microphthalmia ( J:170418 )

• mice exhibit small eyes with decreased eye axial length and equatorial diameter compared with wild-type mice

retina hypoplasia ( J:170418 )

cardiovascular system

abnormal brain vasculature morphology ( J:86480 )

• aberrant capillaries flank the cavity that forms near ganglionic eminences

decreased angiogenesis ( J:86480 )

• in the brain

intracranial hemorrhage ( J:86480 )

• at E12.5

embryo

decreased embryo weight ( J:86480 )

• at E11.5 and E12.5

growth/size/body

decreased embryo weight ( J:86480 )

• at E11.5 and E12.5

cellular

premature neuronal precursor differentiation ( J:86480 )

abnormal neuronal precursor proliferation ( J:86480 , J:170418 )

• at E11.5, fewer proliferating cells are present in the neuroepithelium of the telencephalon and rhombencephalon compared to in wild-type mice (J:86480)

• proliferation of neuronal progenitors is increased compared to in wild-type mice (J:170418)

Genotype
MGI:5000531

cx7

• Allelic Composition: Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1⁺; Id3^tm1Zhu/Id3^tm1Zhu
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor

immune system

increased susceptibility to otitis media ( J:311050 )

• 71% of mice are affected with middle ear fluid, inflammation in the tympanic membrane and opacification of the tympanic membrane, indicating otitis media

• inflammatory cells of the effusion content are mainly polymorphonuclear cells

cardiovascular system

abnormal tumor vascularization ( J:86480 )

• injected B6RV2 and LLC tumors exhibit impaired angiogenesis compared to when tumors are injected into wild-type mice

hearing/vestibular/ear

abnormal middle ear morphology ( J:311050 )

• fibrous proliferation is seen in the middle ear space of some mice and the middle ear mucosa is thickened

middle ear effusion ( J:311050 )

• different degrees of effusion in the middle ear cavities

increased or absent threshold for auditory brainstem response ( J:311050 )

• 100% of mice exhibit high ABR thresholds for at least one stimulus frequency in at least one ear, with 92.9% for the right ears and 92.9% for the left ears

• at P30, the mean ABR thresholds at any stimulus frequency are higher than of controls and at P60, ABR thresholds at all stimulus frequencies are higher

decreased distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitude ( J:311050 )

• at P30 and P60, the DPOAE amplitudes at dominant frequencies 7,692, 10,152, 13,390, and 17,672 are lower

conductive hearing loss ( J:311050 )

• mice present hearing loss from 30 days of age at all stimulus frequencies

increased susceptibility to otitis media ( J:311050 )

• 71% of mice are affected with middle ear fluid, inflammation in the tympanic membrane and opacification of the tympanic membrane, indicating otitis media

• inflammatory cells of the effusion content are mainly polymorphonuclear cells

neoplasm

abnormal tumor vascularization ( J:86480 )

• injected B6RV2 and LLC tumors exhibit impaired angiogenesis compared to when tumors are injected into wild-type mice

decreased metastatic potential ( J:86480 )

• injected B6RV2 and LCC tumors exhibit decreased metastases compared to when tumors are injected into wild-type mice

decreased tumor growth/size ( J:86480 )

• injected B6RV2, B-CA, and LCC tumors exhibit impaired tumor growth compared to when tumors are injected into wild-type mice

tumor regression ( J:86480 )

• injected B6RV2 and B-CA tumors exhibit tumor regression compared to when tumors are injected into wild-type mice

homeostasis/metabolism

middle ear effusion ( J:311050 )

• different degrees of effusion in the middle ear cavities

Mouse Models of Human Disease		DO ID	OMIM ID(s)	Ref(s)
otitis media		DOID:10754		J:311050

Genotype
MGI:5002366

cx8

• Allelic Composition: Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^tm1Zhu; Id3^tm1Zhu/Id3⁺
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor

immune system

increased susceptibility to otitis media ( J:311050 )

• 51% of mice are affected with middle ear fluid, inflammation in the tympanic membrane and opacification of the tympanic membrane, indicating otitis media

• inflammatory cells of the effusion content are mainly polymorphonuclear cells

hearing/vestibular/ear

abnormal middle ear morphology ( J:311050 )

• fibrous proliferation is seen in the middle ear space of some mice and the middle ear mucosa is generally thickened

middle ear effusion ( J:311050 )

• different degrees of effusion in the middle ear cavities

increased or absent threshold for auditory brainstem response ( J:311050 )

• 89.1% of mice exhibit high ABR thresholds for at least one stimulus frequency in at least one ear, with 82.2% for the right ears and 81.2% for the left ears

• at P30, the mean ABR thresholds at any stimulus frequency are higher than of controls and at P60, ABR thresholds for click and 8 kHz are highe

decreased distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitude ( J:311050 )

• at P30, the DPOAE amplitudes at dominant frequencies 7,692, 10,152, 13,390, and 17,672 are lower

• at P60, the DPOAE amplitudes at 13,390 and 17,672 are lower

conductive hearing loss ( J:311050 )

• mice present hearing loss from 30 days of age at all stimulus frequencies

increased susceptibility to otitis media ( J:311050 )

• 51% of mice are affected with middle ear fluid, inflammation in the tympanic membrane and opacification of the tympanic membrane, indicating otitis media

• inflammatory cells of the effusion content are mainly polymorphonuclear cells

homeostasis/metabolism

middle ear effusion ( J:311050 )

• different degrees of effusion in the middle ear cavities

vision/eye

vision/eye phenotype ( J:170418 )

N • retinal development are normal

Mouse Models of Human Disease		DO ID	OMIM ID(s)	Ref(s)
otitis media		DOID:10754		J:311050

Genotype
MGI:5000537

cx9

• Allelic Composition: Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1⁺; Id3^tm1Zhu/Id3⁺; Twist1^tm1Bhr/Twist1⁺
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor * 129S7/SvEvBrd

skeleton

premature cranial suture closure ( J:108218 )

• 5% penetrance

Genotype
MGI:5000538

cx10

• Allelic Composition: Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^tm1Zhu; Id3^tm1Zhu/Id3⁺; Twist1^tm1Bhr/Twist1⁺
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor * 129S7/SvEvBrd

skeleton

skeleton phenotype ( J:108218 )

N • mice do not exhibit craniosynostosis unlike in Twist1^tm1Bhr heterozygotes

Genotype
MGI:5000525

cx11

• Allelic Composition: Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^tm1Zhu; Tcf3^tm1Wein/Tcf3^tm1Wein
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor * C57BL/6

mortality/aging

neonatal lethality, incomplete penetrance ( J:44278 )

• neonatal lethality observed in Tcf3^tm1Wein homozygotes is partially rescued

postnatal lethality, incomplete penetrance ( J:44278 )

• while fewer than expected mice are present at weaning, survival at weaning compared with Tcf3^tm1Wein homozygotes is improved

immune system

abnormal thymus corticomedullary boundary morphology ( J:44278 )

• completely effaced by large immature lymphoblastic cells

increased T cell derived lymphoma incidence ( J:44278 )

• after 3 months, all mice develop T cell tumors unlike in Id1^tm1Zhu homozygotes

• tumors infiltrate the liver, pancreas, and kidney

arrested B cell differentiation ( J:44278 )

• B cell development is blocked at the pro-B cell stage with no B220^dull CD43+ cells detected in E18.5 fetal livers unlike in wild-type mice

decreased lymphocyte cell number ( J:44278 )

• the lymphocyte population in the bone marrow is decreased compared to in wild-type mice

absent B cells ( J:44278 )

• in the bone marrow

intermingled spleen red and white pulp ( J:44278 )

• due to large immature lymphoblastic cells

neoplasm

increased T cell derived lymphoma incidence ( J:44278 )

• after 3 months, all mice develop T cell tumors unlike in Id1^tm1Zhu homozygotes

• tumors infiltrate the liver, pancreas, and kidney

growth/size/body

postnatal growth retardation ( J:44278 )

hematopoietic system

abnormal thymus corticomedullary boundary morphology ( J:44278 )

• completely effaced by large immature lymphoblastic cells

increased T cell derived lymphoma incidence ( J:44278 )

• after 3 months, all mice develop T cell tumors unlike in Id1^tm1Zhu homozygotes

• tumors infiltrate the liver, pancreas, and kidney

arrested B cell differentiation ( J:44278 )

• B cell development is blocked at the pro-B cell stage with no B220^dull CD43+ cells detected in E18.5 fetal livers unlike in wild-type mice

decreased lymphocyte cell number ( J:44278 )

• the lymphocyte population in the bone marrow is decreased compared to in wild-type mice

absent B cells ( J:44278 )

• in the bone marrow

intermingled spleen red and white pulp ( J:44278 )

• due to large immature lymphoblastic cells

endocrine/exocrine glands

abnormal thymus corticomedullary boundary morphology ( J:44278 )

• completely effaced by large immature lymphoblastic cells

increased T cell derived lymphoma incidence ( J:44278 )

• after 3 months, all mice develop T cell tumors unlike in Id1^tm1Zhu homozygotes

• tumors infiltrate the liver, pancreas, and kidney

Genotype
MGI:5000536

cx12

• Allelic Composition: Id1^tm1Zhu/Id1^tm1Zhu; Twist1^tm1Bhr/Twist1⁺
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S7/SvEvBrd

skeleton

premature cranial suture closure ( J:108218 )

• 76% penetrance