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Phenotypes associated with this allele
Allele Symbol
Allele Name
Allele ID
Phox2b+
wild type
MGI:1926868
Summary 16 genotypes
Jump to Allelic Composition Genetic Background Genotype ID
ht1
Phox2btm1.1Heno/Phox2b+ either: (involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6) or (involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6 * DBA/2) MGI:5451106
ht2
Phox2btm2.1Heno/Phox2b+ either: (involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6) or (involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6 * DBA/2) MGI:5451107
ht3
Phox2bem3(cre)Heno/Phox2b+ involves: 129 * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6N * DBA MGI:7736348
ht4
Phox2btm2Jbr/Phox2b+ involves: 129S2/SvPas MGI:4418308
ht5
Phox2btm2Jbr/Phox2b+ involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6 MGI:3797591
ht6
Phox2bDilp1/Phox2b+ involves: BALB/cAnN * C3H/HeN MGI:2686835
ht7
Phox2btm1Jbr/Phox2b+ Not Specified MGI:2171201
cn8
Phox2btm1Rth/Phox2b+
Hprt1tm1(CAG-cre)Mnn/?
involves: 129 * 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6 MGI:7397263
cn9
Pcgf1tm1.1Hko/Pcgf1tm1.1Hko
Phox2bem3(cre)Heno/Phox2b+
involves: 129 * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6N * DBA MGI:7736341
cn10
Phox2btm1Rth/Phox2b+
Tg(Fabp7-cre,-lacZ)3Gtm/0
involves: 129 * C57BL/6 * CBA MGI:7397265
cn11
Phox2btm4Jbr/Phox2b+
Tg(Pgk1-cre)1Lni/0
involves: 129S2/SvPas * BALB/c * C57BL/6 MGI:4418305
cn12
Phox2btm4Jbr/Phox2b+
Tg(Pgk1-cre)1Lni/0
involves: 129S2/SvPas * BALB/c * C57BL/6 * DBA/2 MGI:5293365
cn13
Phox2btm4Jbr/Phox2b+
Tg(Pou3f4-cre)32Cren/0
involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6 * CD-1 * DBA/2 MGI:5293366
cn14
Egr2tm2(cre)Pch/Egr2+
Phox2btm4Jbr/Phox2b+
involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6 * DBA/2 MGI:5293367
cx15
Kcnk5Gt(KST024)Byg/Kcnk5+
Phox2btm2Jbr/Phox2b+
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6 MGI:4437575
cx16
Nkx6-2tm1Ercs/Nkx6-2+
Phox2btm1(Phox2a)Mist/Phox2b+
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S4/SvJae MGI:3762503


Genotype
MGI:5451106
ht1
Allelic
Composition
Phox2btm1.1Heno/Phox2b+
Genetic
Background
either: (involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6) or (involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6 * DBA/2)
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Phox2btm1.1Heno mutation (0 available); any Phox2b mutation (23 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype

Neurocristopathy in Phox2btm1.1Heno/Phox2b+ and Phox2btm2.1Heno/Phox2b+ mice

mortality/aging
• mice die soon after birth

nervous system
• mice exhibit unbalanced neuroglial differentiation in sympathetic ganglia compared with wild-type mice
• in nascent chain ganglia
• fewer enteric neural crest cells in the gut with an increase in undifferentiated cells
• fewer in the colon due to delayed gut colonization by enteric neural crest cells
• smaller with thinner nerve fibers
• occasional aberrant location in the sympathetic chain
• less severe than in Phox2btm2.1Heno heterozygotes
• sympathetic ganglia are reduced in size because of impaired commitment, proliferation and differentiation of neuronal progenitors
• with an increase in undifferentiated cells
• reduced dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
• autonomic neural progenitors from dissociated sympathetic ganglion cells exhibit impaired self-renewal and proliferation compared with wild-type cells
• impaired in sympathetic ganglia

respiratory system
• mice delivered by Caesarian do not breathe spontaneously
• however, breathing could be evoked by skin stimulation

homeostasis/metabolism

cellular
• mice exhibit unbalanced neuroglial differentiation in sympathetic ganglia compared with wild-type mice
• in nascent chain ganglia
• at E12, invasion of ENCCs in the hindgut mesenchyme is retarded
• compromised enteric neural crest cells proliferation in the gut at E10
• impaired in sympathetic ganglia

embryo
• at E12, invasion of ENCCs in the hindgut mesenchyme is retarded
• compromised enteric neural crest cells proliferation in the gut at E10
• fewer enteric neural crest cells in the gut with an increase in undifferentiated cells




Genotype
MGI:5451107
ht2
Allelic
Composition
Phox2btm2.1Heno/Phox2b+
Genetic
Background
either: (involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6) or (involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6 * DBA/2)
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Phox2btm2.1Heno mutation (0 available); any Phox2b mutation (23 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype

Neurocristopathy in Phox2btm1.1Heno/Phox2b+ and Phox2btm2.1Heno/Phox2b+ mice

mortality/aging
• mice die soon after birth

nervous system
• mice exhibit unbalanced neuroglial differentiation in sympathetic ganglia compared with wild-type mice
• in nascent chain ganglia
• fewer enteric neural crest cells in the gut with an increase in undifferentiated cells
• absent in the colon due to delayed gut colonization by enteric neural crest cells
• smaller with thinner nerve fibers
• occasional aberrant location in the sympathetic chain
• more severe than in Phox2btm1.1Heno heterozygotes
• sympathetic ganglia are reduced in size because of impaired commitment, proliferation and differentiation of neuronal progenitors
• with an increase in undifferentiated cells
• autonomic neural progenitors from dissociated sympathetic ganglion cells exhibit impaired self-renewal and proliferation compared with wild-type cells
• impaired in sympathetic ganglia

respiratory system
• mice delivered by Caesarian do not breathe spontaneously
• however, breathing could be evoked by skin stimulation

cellular
• mice exhibit unbalanced neuroglial differentiation in sympathetic ganglia compared with wild-type mice
• in nascent chain ganglia
• severe delay in gut colonization by mutant ENCCs at E12.0
• compromised enteric neural crest cells proliferation in the gut at E10
• impaired in sympathetic ganglia

homeostasis/metabolism

embryo
• severe delay in gut colonization by mutant ENCCs at E12.0
• compromised enteric neural crest cells proliferation in the gut at E10
• fewer enteric neural crest cells in the gut with an increase in undifferentiated cells




Genotype
MGI:7736348
ht3
Allelic
Composition
Phox2bem3(cre)Heno/Phox2b+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129 * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6N * DBA
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Phox2bem3(cre)Heno mutation (0 available); any Phox2b mutation (23 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
growth/size/body
• slight growth retardation at 3 and 8 weeks of age




Genotype
MGI:4418308
ht4
Allelic
Composition
Phox2btm2Jbr/Phox2b+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129S2/SvPas
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Phox2btm2Jbr mutation (0 available); any Phox2b mutation (23 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
nervous system
• the parafacial area e-pF oscillator exhibits only occasional motor activity bursts with reduced frequency compared to in wild-type mice
• rhythmic phrenic discharges are less frequent than in wild-type mice
• mice fail to exhibit an accelerated respiratory-like rhythm phrenic discharge in response to low pH challenge unlike similarly treated wild-type mice
• however, mice exhibit functional pre-Botzinger complex




Genotype
MGI:3797591
ht5
Allelic
Composition
Phox2btm2Jbr/Phox2b+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Phox2btm2Jbr mutation (0 available); any Phox2b mutation (23 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
mortality/aging
• die within the first hours after birth from respiratory failure

homeostasis/metabolism

respiratory system
• mean respiratory minute volume (VE) during apnea-free periods of eupnoeic pups is depressed in mutants
• mutants exhibit gasping behavior and breathing irregularity is significantly greater in mutants
• plethysmographic recordings immediately after delivery show a range of phenotypes; 3 of 18 mutants ventilate only by intermittent gasping, the remaining breathe rhythmically but at a slower rate or show chaotic breathing that is interrupted by periods of apnea
• apneic episodes are more frequent and last longer in mutants than in wild-type, resulting in a 6.5-fold higher total apnea duration
• baseline ventilation in air is depressed in mutants
• mutants do not increase their ventilation in response to hypercapnia (elevated pCO2)
• die within the first hours after birth from respiratory failure

nervous system
• loss of a set of parafacial interneurons in the RTN/pFRG region

Mouse Models of Human Disease
DO ID OMIM ID(s) Ref(s)
congenital central hypoventilation syndrome DOID:0060731 OMIM:209880
J:131365




Genotype
MGI:2686835
ht6
Allelic
Composition
Phox2bDilp1/Phox2b+
Genetic
Background
involves: BALB/cAnN * C3H/HeN
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Phox2bDilp1 mutation (0 available); any Phox2b mutation (23 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
mortality/aging
• abnormal Mendelian ratios suggested that some heterozygous mice die before weaning

vision/eye
• exhibit no pupillary response to light
• pupils fail to constrict in response to the parasympathetic agonist, carbachol

behavior/neurological
• exhibit no pupillary response to light
• pupils fail to constrict in response to the parasympathetic agonist, carbachol

nervous system
• exhibit severe atrophy of the ciliary ganglia at E13.5
• however, the superior cervical ganglion is normal




Genotype
MGI:2171201
ht7
Allelic
Composition
Phox2btm1Jbr/Phox2b+
Genetic
Background
Not Specified
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Phox2btm1Jbr mutation (0 available); any Phox2b mutation (23 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
vision/eye
• exhibit no pupillary response to light
• pupils fail to constrict in response to the parasympathetic agonist, carbachol
• exhibit bilateral dilated pupils

behavior/neurological
• exhibit no pupillary response to light
• pupils fail to constrict in response to the parasympathetic agonist, carbachol

nervous system
• exhibit severe atrophy of the ciliary ganglia at E13.5
• however, the superior cervical ganglion is normal

respiratory system
• exhibit an altered response to hypoxia and hypercapnia at birth; hypoxia results in a similar increase in ventilation as in wild-type but the total duration of post hypnoxic apneas is longer
• ventilatory response to hypercapnia is markedly lower than in wild-type at P2 and P6, but not at P10




Genotype
MGI:7397263
cn8
Allelic
Composition
Phox2btm1Rth/Phox2b+
Hprt1tm1(CAG-cre)Mnn/?
Genetic
Background
involves: 129 * 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Hprt1tm1(CAG-cre)Mnn mutation (1 available); any Hprt1 mutation (1280 available)
Phox2btm1Rth mutation (1 available); any Phox2b mutation (23 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
mortality/aging
• perinatal lethality, with death before P1

respiratory system
• harvest just prior to birth at E18.5, shows that only 33% of mutants take one spontaneous breath and no mutants show further spontaneous respiratory effort, become cyanotic, and all die within minutes of delivery

nervous system
• loss of TH neurons in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus nuclei
• the locus coeruleus is abnormal and fails to express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), indicating absence of TH neurons; sparse and small neuronal cell bodies are seen suggesting cellular loss/attrition of these neurons
• abnormalities in noradrenergic circuits, including caudal hindbrain nuclei A1/C2 and the forebrain projections of locus coeruleus to hypothalamus
• loss of TH neurons in the locus coereleus, the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus nuclei
• however, neuronal precursors of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV) are detectable at E13.5 indicating that progenitor specification occurs
• however, serotonergic neurons that express tryptophan hydroxylase and 5HT appear normal and no gross abnormalities in forebrain are seen
• abnormal formation of the seventh cranial nerve (CNVII, facial nucleus) in the embryonic brainstem is due to failure of precursor migration
• loss of TH neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
• electrophysiological recordings from E18.5 ex vivo brain stem shows depression of endogenous respiratory motor root output under baseline conditions and in response to the excitatory neuropeptide, substance P

homeostasis/metabolism

Mouse Models of Human Disease
DO ID OMIM ID(s) Ref(s)
congenital central hypoventilation syndrome DOID:0060731 OMIM:209880
J:331513




Genotype
MGI:7736341
cn9
Allelic
Composition
Pcgf1tm1.1Hko/Pcgf1tm1.1Hko
Phox2bem3(cre)Heno/Phox2b+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129 * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6N * DBA
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Pcgf1tm1.1Hko mutation (1 available); any Pcgf1 mutation (20 available)
Phox2bem3(cre)Heno mutation (0 available); any Phox2b mutation (23 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
mortality/aging
• only half of mutants survive to adulthood

growth/size/body
• at 3 weeks of age
• at 3 weeks of age but catch up to controls (mice carrying just the recombinase allele) by 8 weeks of age

digestive/alimentary system
• lighter and drier feces
• decrease in the number of the somatostatin-expressing neurons in the proximal colon
• increase in the number of calbindin-expressing neurons in the proximal colon
• decrease in the number of the somatostatin-expressing neurons in the ileum
• decrease in the number of the somatostatin-expressing neurons in the jejunum
• increased total gastrointestinal transit time

nervous system
• decrease in the number of the somatostatin-expressing neurons in the ileum, jejunum, and proximal colon
• increase in the number of calbindin-expressing neurons in the proximal colon




Genotype
MGI:7397265
cn10
Allelic
Composition
Phox2btm1Rth/Phox2b+
Tg(Fabp7-cre,-lacZ)3Gtm/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129 * C57BL/6 * CBA
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Phox2btm1Rth mutation (1 available); any Phox2b mutation (23 available)
Tg(Fabp7-cre,-lacZ)3Gtm mutation (1 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
behavior/neurological
• pups fail to nurse and gain adequate body weight

respiratory system
• mice show spontaneous/continuous breathing, albeit at a slightly reduced frequency, and do not exhibit cyanosis

nervous system
N
• mice show normal locus coeruleus tyrosine hydroxylase + populations and normal number of serotonergic neurons expressing tryptophan hydroxylase
• brainstems show loss of the retrotrapezoid nucleus
• brainstems show loss of the seventh cranial nerve (CNVII) nuclei
• abnormal formation of CNVII in the embryonic brainstem is due to failure of precursor migration




Genotype
MGI:4418305
cn11
Allelic
Composition
Phox2btm4Jbr/Phox2b+
Tg(Pgk1-cre)1Lni/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129S2/SvPas * BALB/c * C57BL/6
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Phox2btm4Jbr mutation (1 available); any Phox2b mutation (23 available)
Tg(Pgk1-cre)1Lni mutation (1 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
respiratory system
• mice are indistinguishable from Phox2btm2Jbr heterozygotes




Genotype
MGI:5293365
cn12
Allelic
Composition
Phox2btm4Jbr/Phox2b+
Tg(Pgk1-cre)1Lni/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129S2/SvPas * BALB/c * C57BL/6 * DBA/2
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Phox2btm4Jbr mutation (1 available); any Phox2b mutation (23 available)
Tg(Pgk1-cre)1Lni mutation (1 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
mortality/aging

nervous system
• massive depletion of retrotrapezoid nucleus neurons




Genotype
MGI:5293366
cn13
Allelic
Composition
Phox2btm4Jbr/Phox2b+
Tg(Pou3f4-cre)32Cren/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6 * CD-1 * DBA/2
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Phox2btm4Jbr mutation (1 available); any Phox2b mutation (23 available)
Tg(Pou3f4-cre)32Cren mutation (0 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
mortality/aging




Genotype
MGI:5293367
cn14
Allelic
Composition
Egr2tm2(cre)Pch/Egr2+
Phox2btm4Jbr/Phox2b+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6 * DBA/2
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Egr2tm2(cre)Pch mutation (2 available); any Egr2 mutation (32 available)
Phox2btm4Jbr mutation (1 available); any Phox2b mutation (23 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
mortality/aging
N
• the great majority of mice survive to adulthood

nervous system
• massive depletion of retrotrapezoid nucleus neurons at P9
• frequency of rhythmic phrenic discharges is reduced and does not respond to acidification

respiratory system
• hypoxic response is more vigorous (increase in ventilation is more pronounced and lasts longer) compared to controls
• exposure to pure O2 triggers periodic breathing in mutants but not in controls
• in normoxia mean ventilation is reduced due to longer breath duration
• complete absence of normal response to hypercapnia at P2 and P9
• at 3 weeks and 4 months of age mice display a reduced increase in ventilation in response to hypercapnia

homeostasis/metabolism
• slight but statistically significant increase in pH




Genotype
MGI:4437575
cx15
Allelic
Composition
Kcnk5Gt(KST024)Byg/Kcnk5+
Phox2btm2Jbr/Phox2b+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Kcnk5Gt(KST024)Byg mutation (0 available); any Kcnk5 mutation (62 available)
Phox2btm2Jbr mutation (0 available); any Phox2b mutation (23 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
nervous system
• retrotrapezoid nucleus neurons are absent




Genotype
MGI:3762503
cx16
Allelic
Composition
Nkx6-2tm1Ercs/Nkx6-2+
Phox2btm1(Phox2a)Mist/Phox2b+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S4/SvJae
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Nkx6-2tm1Ercs mutation (1 available); any Nkx6-2 mutation (16 available)
Phox2btm1(Phox2a)Mist mutation (1 available); any Phox2b mutation (23 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
nervous system
• axonal tracts are thinner than in wild-type mice, especially for the tenth cranial nerve
• axonal tracts are thinner than in wild-type mice, especially for the tenth cranial nerve

cellular
• axonal tracts are thinner than in wild-type mice, especially for the tenth cranial nerve





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last database update
03/18/2025
MGI 6.24
The Jackson Laboratory