All Phenotypes Ascl1<tm1And> MGI Mouse

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Phenotypes associated with this allele

Allele Symbol
Allele Name
Allele ID

Ascl1^tm1And
targeted mutation 1, David J Anderson
MGI:1857470

Summary

16 genotypes

Jump to	Allelic Composition	Genetic Background	Genotype ID
hm1	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And	involves: 129	MGI:3639765
hm2	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ	MGI:2183210
hm3	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J	MGI:2183209
ht4	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1⁺	involves: 129	MGI:4941570
cn5	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Gt(ROSA)26Sor^tm1(EYFP)Cos/Gt(ROSA)26Sor⁺ Tg(Ascl1-EGFP,-cre)1Jejo/0	involves: 129 * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * DBA	MGI:4420909
cx6	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Neurod1^tm1Jle/Neurod1^tm1Jle	either: (involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor * 129X1/SvJ * ICR) or (involves: 129S2/SvPas * 129S4/SvJaeSor * ICR)	MGI:4420920
cx7	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Neurod4^tm1Kag/Neurod4^tm1Kag	either: (involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6 * CBA) or (involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * CBA)	MGI:3505584
cx8	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Neurog2^tm1Fgu/Neurog2^tm1Fgu	involves: 129 * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ	MGI:4420907
cx9	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Gsx2^tm1Ssp/Gsx2^tm1Ssp	involves: 129 * 129S2/SvPas	MGI:4412073
cx10	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Neurog2^tm2Fgu/Neurog2^tm2Fgu	involves: 129 * C57BL/6J * CD-1b	MGI:3622999
cx11	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Neurog2^tm4Fgu/Neurog2^tm4Fgu	involves: 129 * MF1	MGI:4418975
cx12	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Phox2a^tm1.1Sgu/Phox2a⁺	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6	MGI:3845072
cx13	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Neurog2^tm1Fgu/Neurog2^tm1Fgu	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor * 129X1/SvJ * ICR	MGI:4420918
cx14	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Neurod4^tm1Kag/Neurod4^tm1Kag	involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6 * CBA * ICR	MGI:4420919
cx15	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Neurod1^tm1Jle/Neurod1^tm1Jle Neurod4^tm1Kag/Neurod4^tm1Kag	involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6 * CBA * ICR	MGI:4420916
cx16	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Neurod4^tm1Kag/Neurod4^tm1Kag Neurog2^tm1Fgu/Neurog2^tm1Fgu	involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6 * CBA * ICR	MGI:4420915

Allelic Composition	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And
Genetic Background	involves: 129

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ascl1^tm1And mutation (1 available); any Ascl1 mutation (28 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

nervous system

abnormal neuron apoptosis ( J:109482 )

• at E11.5 and E12.5, numbers of TUNEL positive cells in the spinal cords of mutants are increased by factors of 3.2 and 9.7 respectively compared to controls, and apoptotic cells are seen primarily in the ventricular zone

impaired neuron differentiation ( J:203419 )

• cultured precursor cells fail to produce neurons

decreased neuronal precursor proliferation ( J:203419 )

• decreased proliferation in culture

absent solitary pulmonary neuroendocrine cells ( J:64088 , J:113000 )

• no CGRP-positive pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (including single and clustered PNECs) are detected in E13-E17 or neonatal lungs (J:64088)

• newborn mutants show complete lack of solitary airway neuroendocrine (NE) cells, as characterized by a panel of NE markers (J:113000)

• in contrast, enteric neurons and NE cells in the gut and pancreatic islets develop normally (J:113000)

abnormal telencephalon development ( J:74525 )

• mutants show a defect in ventral telencephalic progenitors; progenitors are missing at E12.5

abnormal dorsal interneuron morphology ( J:98830 )

abnormal dorsal interneuron 2 morphology ( J:98830 )

• in E10.5 embryos a dramatic increase in dI2 number is seen

abnormal dorsal interneuron 3 morphology ( J:98830 )

• at E10.5 embryos show a 70% loss of dI3

abnormal dorsal interneuron 4 morphology ( J:98830 )

• in E10.5 embryos a dramatic increase in dI4/6 interneuron number is seen

abnormal dorsal interneuron 5 morphology ( J:98830 )

• at E10.5 embryos show a complete loss of dI5 neurons

abnormal dorsal interneuron 6 morphology ( J:98830 )

• in E10.5 embryos a dramatic increase in dI4/6 interneuron number is seen

abnormal ventral interneuron 2 morphology ( J:74525 )

• V2 interneuron numbers are reduced to a similar extent as Ascl1^tm1And

respiratory system

abnormal lung development ( J:113000 )

• newborn mutants show disruption of pulmonary neuroendocrine cell differentiation

• however, other bronchopulmonary cell types (e.g. Clara cells and type II alveolar cells) appear normal

absent pulmonary neuroendocrine bodies ( J:64088 , J:113000 )

• no clustered PNECs are detected in E13-E17 or neonatal lungs (J:64088)

• newborn mutants show complete lack of airway neuroepithelial bodies (normally clustering at airway branch points), as characterized by a panel of neuroendocrine markers (J:113000)

endocrine/exocrine glands

absent solitary pulmonary neuroendocrine cells ( J:64088 , J:113000 )

• no CGRP-positive pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (including single and clustered PNECs) are detected in E13-E17 or neonatal lungs (J:64088)

• newborn mutants show complete lack of solitary airway neuroendocrine (NE) cells, as characterized by a panel of NE markers (J:113000)

• in contrast, enteric neurons and NE cells in the gut and pancreatic islets develop normally (J:113000)

cellular

abnormal neuron apoptosis ( J:109482 )

impaired neuron differentiation ( J:203419 )

• cultured precursor cells fail to produce neurons

decreased neuronal precursor proliferation ( J:203419 )

• decreased proliferation in culture

Allelic Composition	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And
Genetic Background	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ascl1^tm1And mutation (1 available); any Ascl1 mutation (28 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

mortality/aging

neonatal lethality, complete penetrance ( J:15850 )

• animals die within 24 hours of birth

Allelic Composition	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And
Genetic Background	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ascl1^tm1And mutation (1 available); any Ascl1 mutation (28 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

mortality/aging

neonatal lethality, complete penetrance ( J:15850 )

• animals die within 24 hours of birth

pigmentation

abnormal skin pigmentation ( J:15850 )

• gray appearance in 25% of animals

behavior/neurological

absent gastric milk in neonates ( J:15850 )

• neonates did not feed; no milk in stomach after 6-12 hours

respiratory system

abnormal olfactory epithelium morphology ( J:15850 )

• thinner than normal

abnormal olfactory sensory neuron morphology ( J:15850 )

• absent olfactory neurons; very few remaining cells in epithelium; precursors do not form

• normal sustentacular cells

respiratory distress ( J:15850 )

• difficulty in breathing, deep gasping movements apparent

taste/olfaction

abnormal olfactory epithelium morphology ( J:15850 )

• thinner than normal

abnormal olfactory sensory neuron morphology ( J:15850 )

• absent olfactory neurons; very few remaining cells in epithelium; precursors do not form

• normal sustentacular cells

nervous system

abnormal olfactory sensory neuron morphology ( J:15850 )

• absent olfactory neurons; very few remaining cells in epithelium; precursors do not form

• normal sustentacular cells

abnormal enteric neuron morphology ( J:15850 )

• delayed myenteric neuron development

absent enteric neurons ( J:15850 )

abnormal parasympathetic ganglion morphology ( J:15850 )

abnormal sympathetic ganglion morphology ( J:15850 )

craniofacial

abnormal olfactory epithelium morphology ( J:15850 )

• thinner than normal

abnormal olfactory sensory neuron morphology ( J:15850 )

• absent olfactory neurons; very few remaining cells in epithelium; precursors do not form

• normal sustentacular cells

integument

abnormal skin pigmentation ( J:15850 )

• gray appearance in 25% of animals

growth/size/body

abnormal olfactory epithelium morphology ( J:15850 )

• thinner than normal

abnormal olfactory sensory neuron morphology ( J:15850 )

• absent olfactory neurons; very few remaining cells in epithelium; precursors do not form

• normal sustentacular cells

Allelic Composition	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1⁺
Genetic Background	involves: 129

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ascl1^tm1And mutation (1 available); any Ascl1 mutation (28 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

nervous system

decreased solitary pulmonary neuroendocrine cell number ( J:64088 )

• the number of CGRP-positive pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (including single and clustered PNECs) is significantly reduced in E13-E17 and neonatal heterozygous mutant lungs relative to that in wild-type lungs

respiratory system

decreased number of pulmonary neuroendocrine bodies ( J:64088 )

• the number of clustered PNECs is significantly reduced in E13-E17 and neonatal heterozygous mutant lungs relative to that in wild-type lungs

endocrine/exocrine glands

decreased solitary pulmonary neuroendocrine cell number ( J:64088 )

Allelic Composition	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Gt(ROSA)26Sor^tm1(EYFP)Cos/Gt(ROSA)26Sor⁺ Tg(Ascl1-EGFP,-cre)1Jejo/0
Genetic Background	involves: 129 * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * DBA

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ascl1^tm1And mutation (1 available); any Ascl1 mutation (28 available)
Gt(ROSA)26Sor^tm1(EYFP)Cos mutation (11 available); any Gt(ROSA)26Sor mutation (942 available)
Tg(Ascl1-EGFP,-cre)1Jejo mutation (0 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

nervous system

abnormal dorsal interneuron morphology ( J:98830 )

• the precursors to dI3 and dI5 do not leave the ventricular zone at E10.5-E11.5 unlike in controls

• labeled cells do not appear to significantly contribute to the increase in dI2 and dI4 numbers

Allelic Composition	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Neurod1^tm1Jle/Neurod1^tm1Jle
Genetic Background	either: (involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor * 129X1/SvJ * ICR) or (involves: 129S2/SvPas * 129S4/SvJaeSor * ICR)

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ascl1^tm1And mutation (1 available); any Ascl1 mutation (28 available)
Neurod1^tm1Jle mutation (1 available); any Neurod1 mutation (29 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

mortality/aging

perinatal lethality, complete penetrance ( J:121047 )

nervous system

decreased retina photoreceptor cell number ( J:121047 )

• decrease is not greater than that in Neurod1^tm1Jle single homozygotes

vision/eye

vision/eye phenotype ( J:121047 )

N	• normal number of horizontal cells

decreased retina photoreceptor cell number ( J:121047 )

• decrease is not greater than that in Neurod1^tm1Jle single homozygotes

Allelic Composition	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Neurod4^tm1Kag/Neurod4^tm1Kag
Genetic Background	either: (involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6 * CBA) or (involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * CBA)

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ascl1^tm1And mutation (1 available); any Ascl1 mutation (28 available)
Neurod4^tm1Kag mutation (1 available); any Neurod4 mutation (24 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

mortality/aging

lethality throughout fetal growth and development, complete penetrance ( J:65410 )

• double homozygous mutant embryos die between E15.5 and E17.5

vision/eye

abnormal Muller cell morphology ( J:65410 )

• retinal explant cultures from double homozygotes exhibit a significant increase in the number of Muller glia cells

• in addition, retinal explants from double homozygotes show ectopic generation of Muller cells, suggesting a fate switch from neurons to glial cells

• other cell types including rods and amacrine cells remain unaffected

absent retina bipolar cells ( J:65410 )

• after 2 weeks of culture, retinal explants derived from E15.5 double homozygotes show a complete loss of retinal bipolar cells, without significant apoptosis

nervous system

abnormal neuron differentiation ( J:65410 )

• at E10.5, double homozygotes display loss of neurons and concomitant gliogenesis in the tectum, hindbrain and retina

• at E11.5, double homozygotes show a complete absence of neurons in the midbrain, and very few neurons in the two longitudinal columns of the hindbrain

• neuronal loss occurs in the absence of abnormal proliferation or apoptosis, suggesting a fate switch from neurons to glial cells

abnormal tectum morphology ( J:65410 )

• the double mutant tectum consists of only the ventricular zone; the mantle layer is absent

• at E15.5, the ventricular cells adopt a glial fate instead of differentiating into neurons

small tectum ( J:65410 )

• in double homozygotes, the tectum is significantly thinner and devoid of neurons

abnormal Muller cell morphology ( J:65410 )

• retinal explant cultures from double homozygotes exhibit a significant increase in the number of Muller glia cells

• in addition, retinal explants from double homozygotes show ectopic generation of Muller cells, suggesting a fate switch from neurons to glial cells

• other cell types including rods and amacrine cells remain unaffected

absent retina bipolar cells ( J:65410 )

• after 2 weeks of culture, retinal explants derived from E15.5 double homozygotes show a complete loss of retinal bipolar cells, without significant apoptosis

cellular

abnormal neuron differentiation ( J:65410 )

• at E10.5, double homozygotes display loss of neurons and concomitant gliogenesis in the tectum, hindbrain and retina

• at E11.5, double homozygotes show a complete absence of neurons in the midbrain, and very few neurons in the two longitudinal columns of the hindbrain

• neuronal loss occurs in the absence of abnormal proliferation or apoptosis, suggesting a fate switch from neurons to glial cells

Allelic Composition	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Neurog2^tm1Fgu/Neurog2^tm1Fgu
Genetic Background	involves: 129 * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ascl1^tm1And mutation (1 available); any Ascl1 mutation (28 available)
Neurog2^tm1Fgu mutation (0 available); any Neurog2 mutation (18 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

nervous system

abnormal dorsal interneuron morphology ( J:98830 )

abnormal dorsal interneuron 2 morphology ( J:98830 )

• in E10.5 embryos a dramatic increase in dI2 interneuron number is seen

abnormal dorsal interneuron 3 morphology ( J:98830 )

• at E10.5 embryos show 70% loss of dI3

abnormal dorsal interneuron 4 morphology ( J:98830 )

• at E10.5 embryos show apparent loss of dI4 neurons

abnormal dorsal interneuron 5 morphology ( J:98830 )

• at E10.5 embryos show complete loss of dI5 neurons

Allelic Composition	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Gsx2^tm1Ssp/Gsx2^tm1Ssp
Genetic Background	involves: 129 * 129S2/SvPas

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ascl1^tm1And mutation (1 available); any Ascl1 mutation (28 available)
Gsx2^tm1Ssp mutation (0 available); any Gsx2 mutation (18 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

nervous system

abnormal olfactory sensory neuron morphology ( J:147161 )

• mice have fewer calretinin+ interneurons than in wild-type mice

abnormal rostral migratory stream morphology ( J:147161 )

• at E18.5, more cells stream laterally towards the ventrolateral telencephalon compared to in wild-type mice

abnormal brain interneuron morphology ( J:147161 )

• mice have fewer calretinin+ interneurons than in wild-type mice

abnormal striatum morphology ( J:147161 )

• severe at embryonic stages as determined by marker expression

abnormal lateral ganglionic eminence morphology ( J:147161 )

• as determined by marker expression

craniofacial

abnormal olfactory sensory neuron morphology ( J:147161 )

• mice have fewer calretinin+ interneurons than in wild-type mice

respiratory system

abnormal olfactory sensory neuron morphology ( J:147161 )

• mice have fewer calretinin+ interneurons than in wild-type mice

taste/olfaction

abnormal olfactory sensory neuron morphology ( J:147161 )

• mice have fewer calretinin+ interneurons than in wild-type mice

growth/size/body

abnormal olfactory sensory neuron morphology ( J:147161 )

• mice have fewer calretinin+ interneurons than in wild-type mice

Allelic Composition	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Neurog2^tm2Fgu/Neurog2^tm2Fgu
Genetic Background	involves: 129 * C57BL/6J * CD-1b

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ascl1^tm1And mutation (1 available); any Ascl1 mutation (28 available)
Neurog2^tm2Fgu mutation (0 available); any Neurog2 mutation (18 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

nervous system

abnormal telencephalon development ( J:59428 )

• there is a reduced number ectopic ventral-type neurons with a lateral rather than dorsal location compared to Neurog2 nulls

Allelic Composition	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Neurog2^tm4Fgu/Neurog2^tm4Fgu
Genetic Background	involves: 129 * MF1

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ascl1^tm1And mutation (1 available); any Ascl1 mutation (28 available)
Neurog2^tm4Fgu mutation (1 available); any Neurog2 mutation (18 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

nervous system

decreased neuronal precursor cell number ( J:134976 )

• at E18.5, a decrease in the number of dentate gyrus progenitors is seen similar to that seen in Neurog2 single homozygotes

Allelic Composition	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Phox2a^tm1.1Sgu/Phox2a⁺
Genetic Background	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ascl1^tm1And mutation (1 available); any Ascl1 mutation (28 available)
Phox2a^tm1.1Sgu mutation (0 available); any Phox2a mutation (10 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

nervous system

nervous system phenotype ( J:63720 )

N	• normal greater superficial petrosal nerve (GSPN) at E14.5

growth/size/body

fetal growth retardation ( J:63720 )

• at E14.5

Allelic Composition	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Neurog2^tm1Fgu/Neurog2^tm1Fgu
Genetic Background	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S4/SvJaeSor * 129X1/SvJ * ICR

Find Mice

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

mortality/aging

perinatal lethality, complete penetrance ( J:121047 )

vision/eye

vision/eye phenotype ( J:121047 )

N	• normal number of horizontal cells

Allelic Composition	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Neurod4^tm1Kag/Neurod4^tm1Kag
Genetic Background	involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6 * CBA * ICR

Find Mice

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

mortality/aging

perinatal lethality, complete penetrance ( J:121047 )

vision/eye

vision/eye phenotype ( J:121047 )

N	• normal number of horizontal cells

Allelic Composition	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Neurod1^tm1Jle/Neurod1^tm1Jle Neurod4^tm1Kag/Neurod4^tm1Kag
Genetic Background	involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6 * CBA * ICR

Find Mice

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

mortality/aging

perinatal lethality, complete penetrance ( J:121047 )

• most die around birth

nervous system

abnormal Muller cell morphology ( J:121047 )

• increase in the number of Muller cells in the inner nuclear layer

decreased retina photoreceptor cell number ( J:121047 )

• about 1/3 the number of photoreceptors

increased retina ganglion cell number ( J:121047 )

abnormal retina bipolar cell morphology ( J:121047 )

• very few bipolar cells in the inner nuclear layer

vision/eye

increased retina apoptosis ( J:121047 )

• cell death was increased slightly

abnormal Muller cell morphology ( J:121047 )

• increase in the number of Muller cells in the inner nuclear layer

abnormal retina bipolar cell morphology ( J:121047 )

• very few bipolar cells in the inner nuclear layer

abnormal retina layer morphology ( J:121047 )

decreased retina photoreceptor cell number ( J:121047 )

• about 1/3 the number of photoreceptors

increased retina ganglion cell number ( J:121047 )

abnormal retina inner nuclear layer morphology ( J:121047 )

• very few bipolar cells, increased Muller cells

• but almost normal numbers of amacrine and horizontal

cellular

increased retina apoptosis ( J:121047 )

• cell death was increased slightly

Allelic Composition	Ascl1^tm1And/Ascl1^tm1And Neurod4^tm1Kag/Neurod4^tm1Kag Neurog2^tm1Fgu/Neurog2^tm1Fgu
Genetic Background	involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6 * CBA * ICR

Find Mice

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

mortality/aging

perinatal lethality, complete penetrance ( J:121047 )

• most die around birth

nervous system

abnormal Muller cell morphology ( J:121047 )

• increase in the number of Muller cells in the inner nuclear layer

decreased amacrine cell number ( J:121047 )

• in the inner nuclear layer

increased retina ganglion cell number ( J:121047 )

abnormal retina bipolar cell morphology ( J:121047 )

• fewer bipolar cells in the inner nuclear layer

abnormal retina horizontal cell morphology ( J:121047 )

• fewer horizontal cells in the inner nuclear layer

vision/eye

abnormal Muller cell morphology ( J:121047 )

• increase in the number of Muller cells in the inner nuclear layer

decreased amacrine cell number ( J:121047 )

• in the inner nuclear layer

abnormal retina bipolar cell morphology ( J:121047 )

• fewer bipolar cells in the inner nuclear layer

abnormal retina horizontal cell morphology ( J:121047 )

• fewer horizontal cells in the inner nuclear layer

abnormal retina layer morphology ( J:121047 )

increased retina ganglion cell number ( J:121047 )

abnormal retina inner nuclear layer morphology ( J:121047 )

• fewer amacrine, horizontal and bipolar cells

• increase in Muller glial cells

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