mortality/aging
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• 8-12 week of mice exposed to acute hemolytic stress induced by phenylhydrazine treatment succumb faster to a lethal dose of phenylhydrazine than controls
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hematopoietic system
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• mice exhibit impaired erythropoiesis in the bone marrow
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• mice over 60 weeks of age exhibit anemia
• 8-12 week of mice exposed to acute hemolytic stress (induced by nonlethal phenylhydrazine treatment) develop more severe anemia and have a delayed red blood cell recovery response compared to controls and succumb faster to a lethal dose of phenylhydrazine
• wild-type mice transplanted with mutant whole bone marrow develop anemia
• treatment of mice with a neutralizing IL-22 antibody reverses phenylhydrazine-induced anemia
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• the percentage of proliferating granulocyte-macrophage progenitors in the bone marrow is increased
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• anemia in young phenylhydrazine-administered mice seen on day 7 is preceded by a reduction in bone marrow RIII and RIV erythroid precursor frequency on day 6, indicating an erythroid differentiation defect
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• aged mice exhibit reduced peripheral blood red blood cell numbers
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• in aged mice
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• in aged mice
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• mice exhibit a decreased percentage of neutrophils (neutropenia)
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• aged mice show increased numbers of natural killer T cells
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• mice exhibit an increased percentage of monocytes (monocytosis)
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• LSK (lineage-Sca-1+Kit+) cells from the bone marrow supplemented with growth factors give rise to an increased percentage of CD11b+ myeloid cells, indicating a cell-intrinsic myeloproliferative effect
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• frequency and numbers of early hematopoietic progenitors are normal in young mice, however long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) are increased in the bone marrow of aged mice
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• aged mice show increased numbers of splenic IL-22+CD4+T cells
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• mice exhibit an increase in apoptosis of erythroid precursors
• erythroid precursors show a decrease in cell quiescence with cell cycle block at the G1 phase
• treatment of mice with a neutralizing IL-22 antibody reduces the frequency of apoptotic erythroid precursors
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• TH22 cells secrete elevated concentrations of IL-22
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• bone marrow cells show reduced nascent protein synthesis in vivo
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• the concentration of IL-22 in the serum and bone marrow fluid of aged mice is higher than in controls
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• 8-12 week of mice exposed to acute hemolytic stress induced by phenylhydrazine treatment succumb faster to a lethal dose of phenylhydrazine than controls
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• 8-12 week of mice exposed to acute hemolytic stress induced by nonlethal phenylhydrazine treatment develop more severe anemia and have a delayed red blood cell recovery response compared to controls
• treatment of mice with a neutralizing IL-22 antibody reverses phenylhydrazine-induced anemia
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immune system
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• TH22 cells secrete elevated concentrations of IL-22
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• the concentration of IL-22 in the serum and bone marrow fluid of aged mice is higher than in controls
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• aged mice show increased numbers of innate lymphoid cells
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• mice exhibit a decreased percentage of neutrophils (neutropenia)
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• aged mice show increased numbers of natural killer T cells
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• mice exhibit an increased percentage of monocytes (monocytosis)
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• aged mice show increased numbers of splenic IL-22+CD4+T cells
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• naive T cells polarized toward the TH22 cell lineage show an increase in IL-22 secretion
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