mortality/aging
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• shortened lifespan, with a median survival of 29 days, although some mice do survive more than 6 months
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growth/size/body
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• small body size at birth that persists into adulthood
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• in 17% of mutants that survived beyond 3 months, the pancreas has a liver-like histology
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• numerous tubular structures suggesting pancreas acinar to duct metaplasia, however islets are intact
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• acinar hypoplasia is seen by E16.5 and by 2 months of age, there is a near complete absence of acinar cell structures
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• pancreas weighs on average 30% less than wild-type
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• increase in parenchymal fibrosis
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• decrease in the proliferation rate of pancreatic exocrine progenitors
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• variable degree of surrounding inflammatory infiltrate which becomes more severe by 1 month of age; inflammatory infiltrate is reminiscent of pancreatitis
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immune system
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• variable degree of surrounding inflammatory infiltrate which becomes more severe by 1 month of age; inflammatory infiltrate is reminiscent of pancreatitis
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digestive/alimentary system
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• numerous tubular structures suggesting pancreas acinar to duct metaplasia, however islets are intact
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• acinar hypoplasia is seen by E16.5 and by 2 months of age, there is a near complete absence of acinar cell structures
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