Analysis Tools
homeostasis/metabolism
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• mutant male mice have a seven-fold lower concentration of circulating testosterone than wild-type mice
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• unable to raise serum calcium concentration in response to parathyroid extract (PTE)
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• phosphate serum levels are low but calcium levels are normal
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behavior/neurological
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• pups drink less of the mother's milk possibly due to being unable to compete with normal littermates
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• only 64.4% of superovulated mutant females successfully mated as evidenced by a vaginal plug compared with 88.9% of mated superovulated heterozygous females
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• normal mating behavior is restored following treatment with circulating testosterone or CSF-1 throughout the postnatal period
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cardiovascular system
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• mice on a high fat diet for 15 weeks develop smaller atherosclerosis lesions than do the C57BL/6J controls
• lesions are also less frequent and when present, less advanced with no lesions containing fibrous caps observed
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growth/size/body
absent teeth
(
J:5634
)
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• noticeably absent at 10 days of age
• at weaning mice need to be provided with soft food in order to thrive
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• mice have decreased body weight until weaning when they will normalize their weight if fed a liquid diet
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hematopoietic system
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• exogenous M-CSF enables normal osteoclast differentiation
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• at birth the osteoclast population appears normal but quickly decreases to negligible numbers by the time the mouse is 3-4 days of age
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immune system
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• exogenous M-CSF enables normal osteoclast differentiation
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• at birth the osteoclast population appears normal but quickly decreases to negligible numbers by the time the mouse is 3-4 days of age
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skeleton
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• exogenous M-CSF enables normal osteoclast differentiation
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absent teeth
(
J:5634
)
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• noticeably absent at 10 days of age
• at weaning mice need to be provided with soft food in order to thrive
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domed cranium
(
J:5634
)
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• mutants are recognized at 10 days of age by a characteristic domed head
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• at birth the osteoclast population appears normal but quickly decreases to negligible numbers by the time the mouse is 3-4 days of age
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• the excessive accumulations of bone lack marrow cavities
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• compared with normal littermates, bone matrix formation is significantly elevated before 40 days of age and significantly reduced between 81 days and 10 months of age
• although bone remodeling is reduced, overall decline in rate of bone formation removes excess bone resulting in nearly normal bone
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craniofacial
absent teeth
(
J:5634
)
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• noticeably absent at 10 days of age
• at weaning mice need to be provided with soft food in order to thrive
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domed cranium
(
J:5634
)
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• mutants are recognized at 10 days of age by a characteristic domed head
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• this cell population is increased in this mutation
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• precocious development of the lobulo-alveolar system
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• incomplete mammary gland ductal growth occurs during pregnancy
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• very few macrophages present in ovaries at all stages of cycle and follicular development
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• milk proteins are expressed but parturition does not initiate lactation
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• testosterone level in the tesis is lower than normal
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reproductive system
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• very few macrophages present in ovaries at all stages of cycle and follicular development
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• testosterone level in the tesis is lower than normal
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• a lower then normal number of viable sperm are detected
• normal numbers of viable sperm are restored after testosterone or CSF-1 treatment throughout the postnatal period
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• significantly lower ovulation rate and frequency
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• 20% of ovaries fail to undergo ovulation
• the ovulation rate is low for mice that do ovulate
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• mice do not display the characteristic surge in circulating estradiol-17 beta expected during proestrus
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• females reach estrus every 14 days compared with a normal approximately 5 day cycle
• subcutaneous adninistration of CSF-1 from birth restores a normal estrous cycle
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• a lower than normal number of implantations are seen
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• only 50% of the mated superovulated mutant females produced fertilized ooctyes compared with 83.3% of the mated superovulated heterozygous females
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integument
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• precocious development of the lobulo-alveolar system
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• incomplete mammary gland ductal growth occurs during pregnancy
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• milk proteins are expressed but parturition does not initiate lactation
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cellular
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• exogenous M-CSF enables normal osteoclast differentiation
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