Analysis Tools
reproductive system
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• mice exhibit aberrantly high germ cell apoptosis
• clustered round spermatids and apoptotic-like germ cells are seen in tubules exhibiting small hyperchromatic nuclei and polynuclear structures, indicative of apoptosis
• counts of TUNEL+ cells are increased in the seminiferous tubules which are seen as apoptotic spermatids
• large numbers of isolated apoptotic spermatids are seen in the lumen of epididymal ducts
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• males exhibit impaired spermatogenesis, with no mature spermatozoa seen in the epididymal lumen and no sperm in the cauda of the epididymis
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azoospermia
(
J:364886
)
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• no acroplaxome-like structures are seen near the nuclear envelope in spermatids
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• round spermatids with malformed acrosomal structures are detected in testes
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• instead of intact acrosomal vesicles, spermatids exhibit multiple scattered proacrosomic vesicles separated from nuclei (without fusing with each other) at steps 1-3, indicating that acrosome biogenesis is disrupted starting from the Golgi phase
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• spermatids have multiple Golgi-derived small proacrosomal vesicles adjacent to the trans-face of the Golgi apparatus which contain thick Golgi stacks and fail to fuse together to yield the acrosomal vesicle
• proacrosomal vesicle trafficking is impaired
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• almost no elongating or elongated spermatids are seen in the testes and instead round spermatid aggregates are seen that form a giant multinucleated cell indicative of spermatid clusters
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• F-actin organization in developing spermatids is altered, with aggregation of F-actin to form numerous lumps in round spermatids, suggesting accelerated filament growth rather than filament disassembly
• round spermatids with malformed acrosomal structures are detected in testes
• round spermatid clusters are first seen in tubules at PD28 and accumulate from PD35 and PD60
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• spermatogenic arrest at the early round spermatid stage
• spermatogenesis is arrested at stages II-III; only step 1-3 round spermatids are present in tubules, indicating spermiogenic failure
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• no pups are obtained when adult males are mated with wild-type females
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cellular
azoospermia
(
J:364886
)
|
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|
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• no acroplaxome-like structures are seen near the nuclear envelope in spermatids
|
|
|
• round spermatids with malformed acrosomal structures are detected in testes
|
|
|
• instead of intact acrosomal vesicles, spermatids exhibit multiple scattered proacrosomic vesicles separated from nuclei (without fusing with each other) at steps 1-3, indicating that acrosome biogenesis is disrupted starting from the Golgi phase
|
|
|
• spermatids have multiple Golgi-derived small proacrosomal vesicles adjacent to the trans-face of the Golgi apparatus which contain thick Golgi stacks and fail to fuse together to yield the acrosomal vesicle
• proacrosomal vesicle trafficking is impaired
|
|
|
• almost no elongating or elongated spermatids are seen in the testes and instead round spermatid aggregates are seen that form a giant multinucleated cell indicative of spermatid clusters
|
|
|
• F-actin organization in developing spermatids is altered, with aggregation of F-actin to form numerous lumps in round spermatids, suggesting accelerated filament growth rather than filament disassembly
• round spermatids with malformed acrosomal structures are detected in testes
• round spermatid clusters are first seen in tubules at PD28 and accumulate from PD35 and PD60
|
|
|
• mice exhibit aberrantly high germ cell apoptosis
• clustered round spermatids and apoptotic-like germ cells are seen in tubules exhibiting small hyperchromatic nuclei and polynuclear structures, indicative of apoptosis
• counts of TUNEL+ cells are increased in the seminiferous tubules which are seen as apoptotic spermatids
• large numbers of isolated apoptotic spermatids are seen in the lumen of epididymal ducts
|
