Analysis Tools
reproductive system
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• at 11 weeks of age, seminal vesicles, prostate, vas deferens and epididymis appear normal
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• number of spermatogonial cells is modestly increased
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• marked depletion of germ cells starting at 3 weeks of age
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• spermatogonia enter the first stage of the meiotic process but fail to form synapsed homologous chromosomes during pachynema
• relative number of normal synapsed chromosomes is significantly reduced
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• significant increase of TUNEL+ male germ cells in the seminiferous tubules at 3 and 4 weeks, but not at 2 weeks, of age
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• at 6 weeks of age, most seminiferous tubules contain only spermatogonia, few spermatocytes and spermatids, and Sertoli cells
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• significant reduction in testis weight/body weight (g) at 6 and 11 weeks of age
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• testis hypoplasia at 11 weeks of age
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• although spermatogonia and spermatocytes are present at P18, only few or no spermatids are detected in the seminiferous tubules at 6 weeks of age
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azoospermia
(
J:329283
)
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• no mature sperm are detected in the lumen of the epididymis at 6 weeks of age
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• at 6 weeks of age, immunofluorescence with PNA (which labels the acrosomal cap of spermatids and spermatozoa) showed a small dot-like pattern, unlike the crescent-like pattern seen in control spermatids
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• flow cytometric analysis showed that one chromatid per chromosome (1C)-containing germ cells (round spermatids) are markedly reduced (13.43% vs. 4.20% in controls), whereas 4C (meiocytes in prophase I) and 2C [spermatogonia and secondary spermatocytes (MII)] germ cells are not grossly altered
• pachynema, diplonema, and MII are significantly decreased
• Cenpa staining suggests that pachynemas showing incomplete centromere pairing are eliminated as their numbers at diplotene are reduced
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• failure in prophase I of the first meiosis; complete meiotic arrest is due to reduced expression of meiotic genes and reduced homologous recombination process
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• male mice fail to produce pups when mated with wild-type female mice for over 6 months
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cellular
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• at 6 weeks of age, immunofluorescence with PNA (which labels the acrosomal cap of spermatids and spermatozoa) showed a small dot-like pattern, unlike the crescent-like pattern seen in control spermatids
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• number of spermatogonial cells is modestly increased
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• marked depletion of germ cells starting at 3 weeks of age
|
azoospermia
(
J:329283
)
|
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• no mature sperm are detected in the lumen of the epididymis at 6 weeks of age
|
|
|
• spermatogonia enter the first stage of the meiotic process but fail to form synapsed homologous chromosomes during pachynema
• relative number of normal synapsed chromosomes is significantly reduced
|
|
|
• failure in prophase I of the first meiosis; complete meiotic arrest is due to reduced expression of meiotic genes and reduced homologous recombination process
|
|
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• significant increase of TUNEL+ male germ cells in the seminiferous tubules at 3 and 4 weeks, but not at 2 weeks, of age
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• H3K4me3 levels at transcription start sites (TSSs) and CpG islands (CGIs) are diminished in spermatocytes
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• at 6 weeks of age, most seminiferous tubules contain only spermatogonia, few spermatocytes and spermatids, and Sertoli cells
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• significant reduction in testis weight/body weight (g) at 6 and 11 weeks of age
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• testis hypoplasia at 11 weeks of age
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