Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• the Mendelian ratio is normal from E9.5 to E18.5; however, no pups are found after birth
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embryo
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• aboral mesenchymal cells of the first branchial arch exhibit increased apoptosis
• however, mesenchymal cell proliferation is normal
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• at E10 - E10.5, expression of several marker genes is reduced
• at E11.5, the AER in the hindlimbs are absent or less organized with reduced numbers of epithelial cells
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limbs/digits/tail
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• absence of ossification of the most distal phalangeal bones of the forelimbs
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• severely stunted on the hindlimbs
• stunting is more severe on the left hindlimb than on the right hindlimb
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syndactyly
(
J:126341
)
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• on the hindlimbs but not the forelimbs
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short fibula
(
J:126341
)
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• severely stunted
• stunting is more severe on the left hindlimb than on the right hindlimb
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• severely stunted
• stunting is more severe on the left hindlimb than on the right hindlimb
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• anterior-posterior patterning regulated by Shh is disrupted in the left hindlimbs and to a lesser extent in the right hindlimbs
• significant increase in apoptosis of mesenchymal cells within the posterior region of the hindlimbs
• however, cell proliferation is unchanged
|
|
• at E10 - E10.5, expression of several marker genes is reduced
• at E11.5, the AER in the hindlimbs are absent or less organized with reduced numbers of epithelial cells
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respiratory system
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• pulmonary vascular defects in embryos
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craniofacial
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• short
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• mice exhibit malformed molar alveolus of dentary
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• reduced and smaller in size
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• reduced and smaller in size
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• the palatine processes are underdeveloped and remain unfused unlike in wild-type mice
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• the zygomatic process of the maxilla is truncated, thickened, and fused with the zygomatic process of the squamosal without a connection via the jugal bone
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• slightly reduced in size
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• the cleft of the palatal shelves is not due to intrinsic palatal shelf defects
• at E15.5, palate shelves remain unfused
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• aboral mesenchymal cells of the first branchial arch exhibit increased apoptosis
• however, mesenchymal cell proliferation is normal
|
cleft palate
(
J:126341
)
|
• at E18.5, 71% of mice exhibit cleft secondary palate without cleft lip
|
|
• between E13.5 and E14.5, the tongue fails to move downward obstructing and delaying bilateral, horizontal elevation of the palatal shelves
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renal/urinary system
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• sporadic absence of discernable kidneys
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cardiovascular system
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• pulmonary vascular defects in embryos
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digestive/alimentary system
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• the palatine processes are underdeveloped and remain unfused unlike in wild-type mice
|
|
• the cleft of the palatal shelves is not due to intrinsic palatal shelf defects
• at E15.5, palate shelves remain unfused
|
cleft palate
(
J:126341
)
|
• at E18.5, 71% of mice exhibit cleft secondary palate without cleft lip
|
|
• between E13.5 and E14.5, the tongue fails to move downward obstructing and delaying bilateral, horizontal elevation of the palatal shelves
|
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• between E13.5 and E14.5, the tongue fails to move downward
|
skeleton
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• short
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• mice exhibit malformed molar alveolus of dentary
|
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• reduced and smaller in size
|
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• reduced and smaller in size
|
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• the palatine processes are underdeveloped and remain unfused unlike in wild-type mice
|
|
• the zygomatic process of the maxilla is truncated, thickened, and fused with the zygomatic process of the squamosal without a connection via the jugal bone
|
|
• slightly reduced in size
|
|
• absence of ossification of the most distal phalangeal bones of the forelimbs
|
|
• severely stunted on the hindlimbs
• stunting is more severe on the left hindlimb than on the right hindlimb
|
short fibula
(
J:126341
)
|
• severely stunted
• stunting is more severe on the left hindlimb than on the right hindlimb
|
|
• severely stunted
• stunting is more severe on the left hindlimb than on the right hindlimb
|
|
• absence of ossification of the most distal phalangeal bones of the forelimbs
|
integument
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• absence of claws on the forelimbs and hindlimbs
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hearing/vestibular/ear
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• shorter and thinner
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growth/size/body
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• mice exhibit malformed molar alveolus of dentary
|
|
• reduced and smaller in size
|
|
• reduced and smaller in size
|
|
• the palatine processes are underdeveloped and remain unfused unlike in wild-type mice
|
|
• the zygomatic process of the maxilla is truncated, thickened, and fused with the zygomatic process of the squamosal without a connection via the jugal bone
|
|
• slightly reduced in size
|
|
• the cleft of the palatal shelves is not due to intrinsic palatal shelf defects
• at E15.5, palate shelves remain unfused
|
|
• aboral mesenchymal cells of the first branchial arch exhibit increased apoptosis
• however, mesenchymal cell proliferation is normal
|
cleft palate
(
J:126341
)
|
• at E18.5, 71% of mice exhibit cleft secondary palate without cleft lip
|
|
• between E13.5 and E14.5, the tongue fails to move downward obstructing and delaying bilateral, horizontal elevation of the palatal shelves
|
