reproductive system
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• no round or elongated spermatids are detected in seminiferous tubules at 2 months of age
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• numbers of leptotene, zygotene and pachytene spermatocytes are significantly reduced in juvenile males
• numbers of zygotene, pachytene and diplotene spermatocytes are significantly decreased at 2 months of age
• however, numbers of spermatogonia and leptotene spermatocytes are normal at 2 months of age
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• number of germ cells per seminiferous tubule is significantly lower than that in controls at 12 dpp, 15 dpp and 17 dpp (corresponding to leptotene, zygotene and pachytene spermatocytes, respectively), and remains almost unchanged from 12 dpp to 17 dpp, unlike in control testes
• number of MVH-positive germ cells is dramatically reduced at 2 months of age
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• no mature spermatozoa are present in the cauda epididymal lumens at 2 months of age
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• number of TUNEL+ germ cells per seminiferous tubule is significantly increased at 2 months of age
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• more than 50% of the seminiferous tubules are TUNEL+ compared with less than 20% in control males
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• seminiferous tubules contain only a few spermatocytes at 12 dpp, 15 dpp and 17 dpp
• only a few germ cells and no round or elongated spermatids are detected in seminiferous tubules at 2 months of age
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• seminiferous tubule diameter is reduced to half of that in control males at 2 months of age
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• testis size is markedly smaller at 2 months of age
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• testis weight-to-body weight ratio shows only small changes from day 12 to month 12 after birth and remains lower than that in controls at all ages examined
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• males develop testicular atrophy that does not change with increasing age after adulthood
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• first wave of spermatogenesis is severely blocked
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• 8-week-old male mice fail to produce offspring during a 6-month mating period with wild-type females of known fertility
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cellular
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• no round or elongated spermatids are detected in seminiferous tubules at 2 months of age
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• numbers of leptotene, zygotene and pachytene spermatocytes are significantly reduced in juvenile males
• numbers of zygotene, pachytene and diplotene spermatocytes are significantly decreased at 2 months of age
• however, numbers of spermatogonia and leptotene spermatocytes are normal at 2 months of age
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• number of germ cells per seminiferous tubule is significantly lower than that in controls at 12 dpp, 15 dpp and 17 dpp (corresponding to leptotene, zygotene and pachytene spermatocytes, respectively), and remains almost unchanged from 12 dpp to 17 dpp, unlike in control testes
• number of MVH-positive germ cells is dramatically reduced at 2 months of age
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• no mature spermatozoa are present in the cauda epididymal lumens at 2 months of age
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• number of TUNEL+ germ cells per seminiferous tubule is significantly increased at 2 months of age
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• more than 50% of the seminiferous tubules are TUNEL+ compared with less than 20% in control males
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• more than 50% of the seminiferous tubules are TUNEL+ compared with less than 20% in control males
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• seminiferous tubules contain only a few spermatocytes at 12 dpp, 15 dpp and 17 dpp
• only a few germ cells and no round or elongated spermatids are detected in seminiferous tubules at 2 months of age
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• seminiferous tubule diameter is reduced to half of that in control males at 2 months of age
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• testis size is markedly smaller at 2 months of age
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• testis weight-to-body weight ratio shows only small changes from day 12 to month 12 after birth and remains lower than that in controls at all ages examined
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• males develop testicular atrophy that does not change with increasing age after adulthood
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homeostasis/metabolism
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