Analysis Tools
cardiovascular system
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• increase in numbers of apoptotic cells surrounding both sixth arch arteries at E11.5
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• 63% of E11.5 embryos exhibit arch artery defects, however unlike single Tbx1 heterozygotes, double mutants do not recover from these defects at E15.5 and 68% show arch artery defects at this time
• hypoplastic vessels have a smaller cross-sectional area than single Tbx1 heterozygotes, and some show irregular lumen shapes
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• 38% of embryos exhibit aplastic fourth arch artery defects at E11.5
• abnormal extracellular matrix deposition/organization of the fourth arch arteries
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• the number of SM22-positive cells (differentiated vascular smooth muscle cells) surrounding the 4th arch arteries are reduced compared to single Tbx1 heterozygotes at E10.5
• at E11.5, the vascular smooth muscle cell component is reduced in depth/thickness in the hypoplastic vessels, however discontinuities of vascular smooth muscle cell coverage are no longer observed
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• increase in proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in the pharyngeal system at E10.5
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craniofacial
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• 63% of E11.5 embryos exhibit arch artery defects, however unlike single Tbx1 heterozygotes, double mutants do not recover from these defects at E15.5 and 68% show arch artery defects at this time
• hypoplastic vessels have a smaller cross-sectional area than single Tbx1 heterozygotes, and some show irregular lumen shapes
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• 38% of embryos exhibit aplastic fourth arch artery defects at E11.5
• abnormal extracellular matrix deposition/organization of the fourth arch arteries
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embryo
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• 63% of E11.5 embryos exhibit arch artery defects, however unlike single Tbx1 heterozygotes, double mutants do not recover from these defects at E15.5 and 68% show arch artery defects at this time
• hypoplastic vessels have a smaller cross-sectional area than single Tbx1 heterozygotes, and some show irregular lumen shapes
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• 38% of embryos exhibit aplastic fourth arch artery defects at E11.5
• abnormal extracellular matrix deposition/organization of the fourth arch arteries
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muscle
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• the number of SM22-positive cells (differentiated vascular smooth muscle cells) surrounding the 4th arch arteries are reduced compared to single Tbx1 heterozygotes at E10.5
• at E11.5, the vascular smooth muscle cell component is reduced in depth/thickness in the hypoplastic vessels, however discontinuities of vascular smooth muscle cell coverage are no longer observed
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• increase in proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in the pharyngeal system at E10.5
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cellular
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• increase in proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in the pharyngeal system at E10.5
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