mortality/aging
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• Background Sensitivity: increased neonatal lethality is seen on a 129S6 background but not on a mixed 129S6 and C57BL/6 background
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• on a 129S6 background fewer than expected heterozygous embryos are born; however, embryonic lethality is not seen on a mixed 129S6 and C57BL/6 background
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• those heterozygotes that develop spontaneous wounds display an increase in the number of sebaceous glands
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growth/size/body
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• Background Sensitivity: neonates are small compared to wild-type, this occurs more frequently on a 129S6 background than on a mixed 129S6 and C57BL/6 background
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• about 3% of the neonates on a 129S6 background weigh less than 70% of wild-type littermates and these often die before weaning
• the weight difference between heterozygous pups and wild-type littermates decreases between 1 - 2 months after birth
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reproductive system
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• about 20% of females on a 129S6 background are infertile
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• about 80% of females on a 129S6 background produce small litters when crossed to either wild-type or heterozygous males
• Background Sensitivity: on a 129S6 background female fertility progressively decreases with repeated crossings
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• Background Sensitivity: heterozygous males and females produce small litters when on a 129S6 background but not when on a mixed 129S6/SvEv and C57BL/6 background
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• Background Sensitivity: on a 129S6 background males mated to wild-type females sire small litters; however, on a mixed 129S6 and C57BL/6 background fertility is not reduced
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• about 20% of heterozygotes develop spontaneous wounds around the head and neck and of these 25% show delayed wound healing
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• about 20% of heterozygotes develop spontaneous wounds around the head and neck and for 75% of these 75% the wound does not heal
• no leading edge of keratinocyte migration is seen and in skin explant culture keratinocyte migratory capacity is significantly reduced
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integument
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• those heterozygotes that develop spontaneous wounds display an increase in the number of sebaceous glands
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• those heterozygotes that develop spontaneous wounds display a decrease in or total loss of hair follicles
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• those heterozygotes that develop spontaneous wounds display thickening of the epidermis around the wound
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