Phenotypes associated with this allele

• Allele Symbol: Fts
• Allele Name: fused toes
• Allele ID: MGI:1860759
• Summary: 6 genotypes

Jump to	Allelic Composition	Genetic Background	Genotype ID
hm1	Fts/Fts	B6.Cg-Fts	MGI:3723122
hm2	Fts/Fts	involves: C3H * C57BL/6 * SJL	MGI:3723121
hm3	Fts/Fts	involves: C57BL/6 * NMRI * SJL	MGI:3723124
hm4	Fts/Fts	involves: C57BL/6 * SJL	MGI:2175033
ht5	Fts/Fts^+	B6.Cg-Fts	MGI:3723123
ht6	Fts/Fts^+	involves: C57BL/6 * SJL	MGI:2175032

Genotype
MGI:3723122

hm1

• Allelic Composition: Fts/Fts
• Genetic Background: B6.Cg-Fts

• ♀: phenotype observed in females
• ♂: phenotype observed in males
• N: normal phenotype

limbs/digits/tail

abnormal tail position or orientation ( J:42770 )

• Background Sensitivity: random orientation of the tail

embryo

abnormal developmental patterning ( J:42770 )

incomplete embryo turning ( J:42770 )

• Background Sensitivity: at E9.5

abnormal left-right axis patterning ( J:42770 )

• Background Sensitivity: bilateral expression pattern of Nodal and "Lefty" in lateral plate mesoderm rather than normal left side expression

abnormal notochord morphology ( J:98371 )

• does not undergo normal ventral displacement

cardiovascular system

abnormal direction of heart looping ( J:42770 )

• Background Sensitivity: heart looping can occur in either direction

nervous system

abnormal motor neuron morphology ( J:98371 )

• motor neuron expansion ventrally in the neural tube toward the midline

• some dorsal expansion as well

• V3 neurons greatly reduced

Genotype
MGI:3723121

hm2

• Allelic Composition: Fts/Fts
• Genetic Background: involves: C3H * C57BL/6 * SJL

mortality/aging

lethality throughout fetal growth and development, complete penetrance ( J:79899 )

• survival improves to about E14.5, compared to 9.5-12.5 on a B6/NMRI background

embryonic lethality, complete penetrance ( J:168037 )

• mice die by E13.5

limbs/digits/tail

abnormal autopod morphology ( J:79899 )

• accumulation of cells at the distal tip of autopods

• anterior mesoderm development is aborted

• abnormal joint development

abnormal digit morphology ( J:79899 )

hindlimb oligodactyly ( J:79899 )

• hind limb digits 1 or 1 and 2 are missing

polydactyly ( J:79899 )

• dorso-ventral metacarpal duplication apparent in forelimbs at E12.5

• anterior-posterior polydactyly seen on occasion

abnormal forelimb zeugopod morphology ( J:79899 )

• radius and ulna shortened and bent

abnormal hindlimb zeugopod morphology ( J:79899 )

• tibia absent

abnormal limb development ( J:79899 )

abnormal limb bud morphology ( J:79899 )

• extreme proximal-distal shortening

• truncations apparent at E13.5

abnormal apical ectodermal ridge morphology ( J:79899 )

• premature degeneration

abnormal digit development ( J:79899 )

• digital anlagen completely lack phalangeal elements in forelimbs

• only metacarpals in forelimbs

• development of posterior digits is normal

embryo

abnormal limb bud morphology ( J:79899 )

• extreme proximal-distal shortening

• truncations apparent at E13.5

abnormal apical ectodermal ridge morphology ( J:79899 )

• premature degeneration

endocrine/exocrine glands

abnormal ovary morphology ( J:168037 )

♀ • germ cells are present in isolation unlike in wild-type mice

reproductive system

decreased germ cell number ( J:168037 )

• in male and female mice at E12.5

decreased primordial germ cell proliferation ( J:168037 )

• primordial germ cell (PGC) proliferation is progressively lost unlike in wild-type mice

• however, PGC apoptosis is normal

abnormal ovary morphology ( J:168037 )

♀ • germ cells are present in isolation unlike in wild-type mice

cellular

decreased germ cell number ( J:168037 )

• in male and female mice at E12.5

decreased primordial germ cell proliferation ( J:168037 )

• primordial germ cell (PGC) proliferation is progressively lost unlike in wild-type mice

• however, PGC apoptosis is normal

Genotype
MGI:3723124

hm3

• Allelic Composition: Fts/Fts
• Genetic Background: involves: C57BL/6 * NMRI * SJL

limbs/digits/tail

abnormal tail position or orientation ( J:42770 )

• Background Sensitivity: less severe on a mixed background with NMRI

embryo

abnormal left-right axis patterning ( J:42770 )

• Background Sensitivity: less severe on a mixed background with NMRI

cardiovascular system

abnormal direction of heart looping ( J:42770 )

• Background Sensitivity: less severe on a mixed background with NMRI

Genotype
MGI:2175033

hm4

• Allelic Composition: Fts/Fts
• Genetic Background: involves: C57BL/6 * SJL

mortality/aging

embryonic lethality during organogenesis, complete penetrance ( J:20159 )

• homozygotes undetectable after E10.5

nervous system

abnormal telencephalon development ( J:20159 )

• almost absent at E9.5

• most cortical structures are reduced

absent midbrain ( J:20159 )

• almost absent at E9.5

limbs/digits/tail

abnormal tail position or orientation ( J:20159 )

• right turning of the tail is defective

Genotype
MGI:3723123

ht5

• Allelic Composition: Fts/Fts⁺
• Genetic Background: B6.Cg-Fts

mortality/aging

premature death ( J:108193 )

• resulting from heart failure or pneumonia

immune system

thymus hyperplasia ( J:108193 )

• apparent at 4-5 weeks of age

• plateaus at 10 weeks of age

• 86 fold increase in thymocytes at peak

• lower frequency of emigration from thymus

abnormal T cell morphology ( J:108193 )

increased thymocyte number ( J:108193 )

• 86 fold increase in thymocytes at peak

abnormal CD4-positive T cell differentiation ( J:108193 )

• decreased conversion of double positive T cells to CD4 positive cells

abnormal T cell physiology ( J:108193 )

• thymocytes show a reduced susceptibility to apoptosis

respiratory system

respiratory distress ( J:108193 )

• dyspnea

hematopoietic system

thymus hyperplasia ( J:108193 )

• apparent at 4-5 weeks of age

• plateaus at 10 weeks of age

• 86 fold increase in thymocytes at peak

• lower frequency of emigration from thymus

abnormal T cell morphology ( J:108193 )

increased thymocyte number ( J:108193 )

• 86 fold increase in thymocytes at peak

abnormal CD4-positive T cell differentiation ( J:108193 )

• decreased conversion of double positive T cells to CD4 positive cells

abnormal T cell physiology ( J:108193 )

• thymocytes show a reduced susceptibility to apoptosis

endocrine/exocrine glands

thymus hyperplasia ( J:108193 )

• apparent at 4-5 weeks of age

• plateaus at 10 weeks of age

• 86 fold increase in thymocytes at peak

• lower frequency of emigration from thymus

increased thymocyte number ( J:108193 )

• 86 fold increase in thymocytes at peak

Genotype
MGI:2175032

ht6

• Allelic Composition: Fts/Fts⁺
• Genetic Background: involves: C57BL/6 * SJL

limbs/digits/tail

absent interdigital cell death ( J:20159 )

• limb development normal through E12.5

• interdigital cell death which normally begins around E13 fails to occur between forelimb digits 1-4

syndactyly ( J:20159 )

• fusion of the tips of digits 1-3 or of 1-4 of the forelimbs

• syndactyly never involves digit 5

• hind limbs always normal

immune system

thymus hyperplasia ( J:20159 )

hematopoietic system

thymus hyperplasia ( J:20159 )

cellular

absent interdigital cell death ( J:20159 )

• limb development normal through E12.5

• interdigital cell death which normally begins around E13 fails to occur between forelimb digits 1-4

endocrine/exocrine glands

thymus hyperplasia ( J:20159 )