mortality/aging
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• die within 24 hours of birth
(J:51596)
• all die neonatally, most likely from respiratory failure
(J:52212)
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embryo
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• integrity of the forelimb apical ectodermal ridge is abnormal as determined by expression of Fgf8 and Bmp4
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respiratory system
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• exhibit respiratory distress marked by gasping motions and cyanosis
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limbs/digits/tail
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• show severe defects in limb morphogenesis
|
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• integrity of the forelimb apical ectodermal ridge is abnormal as determined by expression of Fgf8 and Bmp4
|
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• in the forelimb autopod, most commonly see postaxial polydactyly, however syndactyly, oligodactyly, and abnormal digit placement affecting posterior elements are also seen
|
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• the hamate carpal is abnormal
• mutants with the oligodactyly phenotype show posterior carpal defects in which the hamate is truncated and the triquetrum is deleted
|
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• the triquetrum is deleted in mutants with oligodactyly
|
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• 83% exhibit duplications of the phalanges of the first digit of the forelimb
• 2 of 12 (17%) show duplications of the most distal phalange of the 5th digit in the hindlimb
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• 25% show a laterally displaced digit 5 in forelimb autopods
• abnormal placement of the 5th digit results from an abnormal articulation between the 5th digit and the hamate carpal
|
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• 8% (1 of 12) shows complete loss of posterior digits
|
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• 67% of forelimb autopods show postaxial polydactyly with variable expressivity; the extra skeletal element ranges from a small extra, posterior cartilaginous body that does not articulate with a carpal to more extensively formed cartilage element that is fused to an abnormally laterally positioned triquetrum
|
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• 100% of hindlimb autopods show preaxial polydactyly resulting from a duplication of the first digit
|
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• one shows syndactyly of the proximal phyalange of digits 3 and 4
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• exhibit extreme shortening and impaired ossification of the hindlimb zeugopods
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skeleton
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• Meckel's cartilage is absent except for a remnant at the most rostral tip of the developing mandible
|
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• fail to form an incisor tooth
|
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• E16.5 mutants show reduced size of the tooth organ, epithelial hypertrophy, and abnormal positioning of the tooth germ relative to the alveolar bone
|
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• exhibit failure of odontoblasts to differentiate
|
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• exhibit failure of ameloblasts to differentiate
|
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• mandibular incisor development arrests at the single tooth bud
• although the mesenchyme condenses around the dental epithelium, the morphogenic events leading to the bell-stage tooth fail to occur
|
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• mandible is fused at its most rostral aspect
|
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• mandible is severely shortened
|
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• the palatal process of the maxilla is deleted
|
|
• the zygomatic process of the maxilla is deleted
|
|
• the hamate carpal is abnormal
• mutants with the oligodactyly phenotype show posterior carpal defects in which the hamate is truncated and the triquetrum is deleted
|
|
• the triquetrum is deleted in mutants with oligodactyly
|
|
• 83% exhibit duplications of the phalanges of the first digit of the forelimb
• 2 of 12 (17%) show duplications of the most distal phalange of the 5th digit in the hindlimb
|
|
• architecture of the tibiotarsal diaphyseal growth plate is abnormal in that little ossification occurs
• proliferating chondrocytes lose their normal polarity parallel to the long axis of the bone and assume a perpendicular orientation
|
|
• some hypertrophying chondrocytes are seen, however these cells are abnormally shifted laterally to one side of the tibia
|
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• endochondral ossification is abnormal in limbs as indicated by the small, laterally displaced ossification zone
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behavior/neurological
hearing/vestibular/ear
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• neonates have posteriorly displaced auricles
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• neonates have more hypoplastic auricles
|
homeostasis/metabolism
vision/eye
|
• exhibit open eyes secondary to failure of eyelid formation
|
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• exhibit open eyes secondary to failure of eyelid formation
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craniofacial
|
• Meckel's cartilage is absent except for a remnant at the most rostral tip of the developing mandible
|
|
• fail to form an incisor tooth
|
|
• E16.5 mutants show reduced size of the tooth organ, epithelial hypertrophy, and abnormal positioning of the tooth germ relative to the alveolar bone
|
|
• exhibit failure of odontoblasts to differentiate
|
|
• exhibit failure of ameloblasts to differentiate
|
|
• mandibular incisor development arrests at the single tooth bud
• although the mesenchyme condenses around the dental epithelium, the morphogenic events leading to the bell-stage tooth fail to occur
|
|
• mandible is fused at its most rostral aspect
|
|
• mandible is severely shortened
|
|
• the palatal process of the maxilla is deleted
|
|
• the zygomatic process of the maxilla is deleted
|
|
• all have a cleft secondary palate
|
|
• neonates have posteriorly displaced auricles
|
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• neonates have more hypoplastic auricles
|
digestive/alimentary system
|
• the palatal process of the maxilla is deleted
|
|
• all have a cleft secondary palate
|
growth/size/body
|
• fail to form an incisor tooth
|
|
• E16.5 mutants show reduced size of the tooth organ, epithelial hypertrophy, and abnormal positioning of the tooth germ relative to the alveolar bone
|
|
• exhibit failure of odontoblasts to differentiate
|
|
• exhibit failure of ameloblasts to differentiate
|
|
• mandibular incisor development arrests at the single tooth bud
• although the mesenchyme condenses around the dental epithelium, the morphogenic events leading to the bell-stage tooth fail to occur
|
|
• the palatal process of the maxilla is deleted
|
|
• all have a cleft secondary palate
|
|
• neonates have posteriorly displaced auricles
|
|
• neonates have more hypoplastic auricles
|