Analysis Tools
reproductive system
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• epididymal sperm shows a variety of morphological abnormalities in the flagellum including coiled or headless flagellum
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• epididymal sperm shows a variety of morphological abnormalities in the sperm head like crooked, round, or bent heads
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• seminiferous epithelium is thinner in 3 month old testes and contains numerous vacuoles, indicative of germ cell depletion
• presence of numerous degenerating/degenerated spermatids, or even spermatocytes in the epididymis; this enhanced depletion of spermatocytes and spermatids and the production of deformed spermatozoa are seen only in mice older than 2 months and no differences are seen during the first wave of spermatogenesis
• proportional increase of meiotic cells (i.e.spermatocytes) and decrease in haploid cells (spermatids) despite lowered total cell number in both populations, indicating active depletion of spermatocytes and spermatids
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• sperm counts are lower in 12 week old males
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• about 2-fold increase in apoptotic cells, mainly spermatocytes and early round spermatids, in the testes
• seminiferous tubules at around stage VI exhibit round spermatids with an increase in unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks
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• total motility and progressive motility of sperm are reduced in 12 week old males
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• seminiferous epithelium is thinner in 3 month old testes and contains numerous vacuoles
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small testis
(
J:222184
)
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• 12 week old males exhibit reduced testis size
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• 12 week old males exhibit reduced testis weight
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• caput and cauda epididymides are smaller
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• males exhibit reduced fertility in 5-month long fertility tests, with some males completely infertile and others close to normal fertility
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• seminiferous epithelium is thinner in 3 month old testes and contains numerous vacuoles
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small testis
(
J:222184
)
|
|
• 12 week old males exhibit reduced testis size
|
|
|
• 12 week old males exhibit reduced testis weight
|
cellular
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• epididymal sperm shows a variety of morphological abnormalities in the flagellum including coiled or headless flagellum
|
|
|
• epididymal sperm shows a variety of morphological abnormalities in the sperm head like crooked, round, or bent heads
|
|
|
• seminiferous epithelium is thinner in 3 month old testes and contains numerous vacuoles, indicative of germ cell depletion
• presence of numerous degenerating/degenerated spermatids, or even spermatocytes in the epididymis; this enhanced depletion of spermatocytes and spermatids and the production of deformed spermatozoa are seen only in mice older than 2 months and no differences are seen during the first wave of spermatogenesis
• proportional increase of meiotic cells (i.e.spermatocytes) and decrease in haploid cells (spermatids) despite lowered total cell number in both populations, indicating active depletion of spermatocytes and spermatids
|
|
|
• sperm counts are lower in 12 week old males
|
|
|
• about 2-fold increase in apoptotic cells, mainly spermatocytes and early round spermatids, in the testes
• seminiferous tubules at around stage VI exhibit round spermatids with an increase in unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks
|
|
|
• total motility and progressive motility of sperm are reduced in 12 week old males
|
