mortality/aging
• mice die shortly after birth
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skeleton
• all skeletal elements are shortened
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• mice exhibit partial bone collar
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• mature osteoblasts fail to form
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• absent
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• mice exhibit extra cartilage elements (typically 4) in the zeugopod and in some autopods
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• at the diaphysis and surrounding the marrow cavity
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• mice lack joints at multiple locations including the knees
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• at E14.5, mice exhibit a delay in chondrocyte hypertrophy
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• profound defect in ossification of the craniofacial, the rest of the axial, and the appendicular skeleton
• partial ossification of the scapula and ileum
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• except for the scapula and ileum
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growth/size/body
cellular
• mature osteoblasts fail to form
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limbs/digits/tail
• mice exhibit an additional element bridging the zeugopod and stylopod
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craniofacial