Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• enhanced survival after caecal ligation and puncture
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immune system
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• reduced microglial response to excitotoxic injury
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• two hours post lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge serum levels are 15-20 fold higher than controls, however, TNF kinetics and activity are not altered
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• following reverse passive Arthus reaction to induce uveitis, mice exhibit reduced cellular infiltration into the anterior and posterior segments compared with wild-type mice
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• do not respond to collagen type II injections as do controls by developing arthritis for at least 14 days
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• M. faeni- induced neutrophil accumulation in the lung is decreased as compared to control, however monocyte and lymphocyte levels are comparable to control
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• exhibits resistance to a lethal LPS dose plus hepatoxin D-gal (increases sensitivity to LPS)
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osteomyelitis
(
J:58851
)
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• osteolytic lesions of molars are significantly larger in these mice 2 weeks after bacterial inoculation of the dental pulp
• the osteolytic lesions continue to be larger for at least 38 days after innoculation
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• mice have 3 log greater bacterial penetration of the dental pulp eight days after experimental bacterial infection
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• 40% larger infarction than controls after coronary artery occlusion
• extent of necrosis in ventricles is similar to controls
• apoptosis peaks earlier and higher than for controls
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• increased susceptibility to kainic acid damage
• 30-50% neuron loss at kainic acid doses causing only minimal hippocampal damage in controls
• susceptibility to kainic acid damage is not reduced by TNF treatment
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• two hours post lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge serum levels are 15-20 fold higher than controls, however, TNF kinetics and activity are not altered
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• TNF alpha induced thrombus formation is delayed
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• hypothermic response to caecal ligation and puncture much shorter in duration than for controls
• febrile response to caecal ligation and puncture earlier in onset in males
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• fail to develop fibroproliferative lesions at bronchiolar-alveolar duct junctions when exposed to chrysotile asbestos fibers
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• protected against loss of striatal dopaminergic neurons in MPTP model of Parkinson's disease (controls lose 70%)
• also protected against tyrosin hydroxylase loss
• no loss of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive nerve terminals
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• significantly increased area of infarct after middle cerebral artery occlusion
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• enlarged calluses formed on long bone fractures during healing at days 14, 21, and 28
• bones are fragile and prone to re-breaking
• delayed removal of calcified cartillage
• delayed mesenchymal cell differentiation
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cellular
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• protected against loss of striatal dopaminergic neurons in MPTP model of Parkinson's disease (controls lose 70%)
• also protected against tyrosin hydroxylase loss
• no loss of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive nerve terminals
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• increased susceptibility to kainic acid damage
• 30-50% neuron loss at kainic acid doses causing only minimal hippocampal damage in controls
• susceptibility to kainic acid damage is not reduced by TNF treatment
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• mice have significantly higher necrosis scores of the dental pulp seven days after bacterial inoculation
• complete necrosis of the dental pulp is observed by 21 days after inoculation compared to control mice that still have intact dental pulp at 38 days post-innoculation
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skeleton
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• mice have significantly higher necrosis scores of the dental pulp seven days after bacterial inoculation
• complete necrosis of the dental pulp is observed by 21 days after inoculation compared to control mice that still have intact dental pulp at 38 days post-innoculation
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• enlarged calluses formed on long bone fractures during healing at days 14, 21, and 28
• bones are fragile and prone to re-breaking
• delayed removal of calcified cartillage
• delayed mesenchymal cell differentiation
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• do not respond to collagen type II injections as do controls by developing arthritis for at least 14 days
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osteomyelitis
(
J:58851
)
|
• osteolytic lesions of molars are significantly larger in these mice 2 weeks after bacterial inoculation of the dental pulp
• the osteolytic lesions continue to be larger for at least 38 days after innoculation
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• no induction of intramembranous bone on periosteal surfaces after 21 days of healing
• lack of trabecular bridging
• delayed formation of new trabecular bone after bone marrow cannulation
• extensive necrotic tissue and hematomas remain 3 days after bone marrow cannulation
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• there is significantly more osteoclastogenesis that occurs in molars between 7 and 21 days after bacterial infection of the dental pulp
• osteoclast activity of the molars is almost 2-fold higher than in wild-types 7 days after bacterial inoculation
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nervous system
| N |
• no overt phenotype when unstressed
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• 44% higher level of generalized convulsions in the 2 hours following 1 hour of electrical stimulation in the hippocampus
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• significantly increased area of infarct after middle cerebral artery occlusion
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• glial response to neuronal injury is blunted
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• reduced microglial response to excitotoxic injury
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• long term neuron survival in culture is reduced
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• protected against loss of striatal dopaminergic neurons in MPTP model of Parkinson's disease (controls lose 70%)
• also protected against tyrosin hydroxylase loss
• no loss of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive nerve terminals
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• increased susceptibility to kainic acid damage
• 30-50% neuron loss at kainic acid doses causing only minimal hippocampal damage in controls
• susceptibility to kainic acid damage is not reduced by TNF treatment
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behavior/neurological
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• reduced food intake at 24 hours but not at 48 hours after caecal ligation and puncture in males
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• 44% higher level of generalized convulsions in the 2 hours following 1 hour of electrical stimulation in the hippocampus
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respiratory system
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• fail to develop fibroproliferative lesions at bronchiolar-alveolar duct junctions when exposed to chrysotile asbestos fibers
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cardiovascular system
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• more extensive avascular region develops on the retina 17 days after treatment of mice with 75% oxygen for 5 days
• recovery of deep retinal vessels delayed relative to controls
• rate of neovascularization higher at 21 days after treatment than in controls
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• 40% larger infarction than controls after coronary artery occlusion
• extent of necrosis in ventricles is similar to controls
• apoptosis peaks earlier and higher than for controls
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renal/urinary system
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• reduced interstitial volume
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• more modest development of progressive interstitial fibrosis after uretera; ligation than in controls
• collagen IV deposition
• improved by enalapril treatment
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muscle
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• recovery after cardiotoxin damage to the soleus muscle is slowed
• few well defined myofibers 5 days after treatment when the control animal is almost normal
• severe inflammatory infiltration persists through 5 days
• extensive calcium deposits at 5 days
• cross-sectional area of myofibers at 68.7% of pretreatment condition at 12 days after treatment
• contractile force recovery is 53.9% of preatreatment level compared to 75.8% for controls
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vision/eye
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• more extensive avascular region develops on the retina 17 days after treatment of mice with 75% oxygen for 5 days
• recovery of deep retinal vessels delayed relative to controls
• rate of neovascularization higher at 21 days after treatment than in controls
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hematopoietic system
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• reduced microglial response to excitotoxic injury
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craniofacial
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• mice have significantly higher necrosis scores of the dental pulp seven days after bacterial inoculation
• complete necrosis of the dental pulp is observed by 21 days after inoculation compared to control mice that still have intact dental pulp at 38 days post-innoculation
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growth/size/body
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• mice have significantly higher necrosis scores of the dental pulp seven days after bacterial inoculation
• complete necrosis of the dental pulp is observed by 21 days after inoculation compared to control mice that still have intact dental pulp at 38 days post-innoculation
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