mortality/aging
• double homozygotes die around E9.5
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cardiovascular system
• dorsal aorta is expanded in the caudal region
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embryo
• first branchial arches were poorly developed
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• second branchial arches were poorly developed
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• development was normal at E8.5 but mice were severely growth retarded at E9.5
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• somatic mesoderm was appropriately segmented but irregularly aligned
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• neural tube is small
• cell to cell adhesion is impaired in the neural tube
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• fusion with hindgut endoderm seen
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• reduced
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• bifurcated
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• 18 as opposed to the normal 24 somites at E9.5
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• distal tip of the tail bud is shrunken
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nervous system
• apoptosis is seen in the neural tube
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• neural tube is small
• cell to cell adhesion is impaired in the neural tube
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• hindbrain is underdeveloped
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skeleton
• atlas resembles the third cervical vertebra
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• atlas resembles the third cervical vertebra
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craniofacial
• first branchial arches were poorly developed
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• second branchial arches were poorly developed
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limbs/digits/tail
• distal tip of the tail bud is shrunken
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vision/eye
• optic eminence was obscure
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cellular
• apoptosis is seen in the neural tube
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