mortality/aging
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• by ~4 months of age, ~50% of double homozygotes die or need to be sacrificed because of ill health
• by 5 months, ~90% of double homozygotes succumb to tumor growth
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neoplasm
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• double homozygotes are predisposed to an accelerated mortality due to increased tumorigenesis, with no differences between male and female occurrence
• double mutants show a significant homogeneity in tumor spectrum and do not exhibit multiple tumors
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• the majority of tumors are high-grade lymphomas arising from the transformation of immature thymocytes
• tumor cells are highly invasive and infiltrate the soft tissues of mediastinum, the salivary glands, the periaortic spaces, the pericardium, and the bronchial wall
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• only one double homozygote developed a high-grade hemangiosarcoma in the submandibular region
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immune system
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• ~5% of double homozygotes have a significantly enlarged thymus, in the absence of overt tumors
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• ~5% of double homozygotes display no overt neoplasms but show thymic hyperplasia with foci of atypical lymphocytes infiltrating the mediastinal soft tissues and signs of early-invading malignant lymphomas
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• the majority of tumors are high-grade lymphomas arising from the transformation of immature thymocytes
• tumor cells are highly invasive and infiltrate the soft tissues of mediastinum, the salivary glands, the periaortic spaces, the pericardium, and the bronchial wall
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respiratory system
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• double homozygotes with thymic lymphomas die of pericardial compression or respiratory distress
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hematopoietic system
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• ~5% of double homozygotes have a significantly enlarged thymus, in the absence of overt tumors
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• ~5% of double homozygotes display no overt neoplasms but show thymic hyperplasia with foci of atypical lymphocytes infiltrating the mediastinal soft tissues and signs of early-invading malignant lymphomas
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• the majority of tumors are high-grade lymphomas arising from the transformation of immature thymocytes
• tumor cells are highly invasive and infiltrate the soft tissues of mediastinum, the salivary glands, the periaortic spaces, the pericardium, and the bronchial wall
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• ~5% of double homozygotes have a significantly enlarged thymus, in the absence of overt tumors
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• ~5% of double homozygotes display no overt neoplasms but show thymic hyperplasia with foci of atypical lymphocytes infiltrating the mediastinal soft tissues and signs of early-invading malignant lymphomas
|
|
• the majority of tumors are high-grade lymphomas arising from the transformation of immature thymocytes
• tumor cells are highly invasive and infiltrate the soft tissues of mediastinum, the salivary glands, the periaortic spaces, the pericardium, and the bronchial wall
|


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