Analysis Tools
cellular
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• female homozygotes exhibit excessive and unscheduled epithelial apoptosis in the involuting mammary gland
• in mutants, epithelial cell shedding and apoptosis occur on the first day of involution (1di) versus 3di and 4di in wild-type
• epithelial cell death leads to early loss of beta-casein expression, rapid lobulo-alveolar collapse and early adipose differentiation and reconstitution
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respiratory system
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• 6-8 week-old primiparous mutant females display no signs of abnormal lung function, which only becomes apparent after 1 year of age
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• 6-8-week-old primiparous mutant females show an early loss of milk production, cell shedding, and a rapid loss of epithelial compartment during post-lactational involution
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• mutant dams show no differences in litter size or pup weight gain during nursing relative to wild-type
• however, mutant dams are unable to reestablish lactation after a 2-day cessation of suckling during mammary gland involution
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integument
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• 6-8-week-old primiparous mutant females show an early loss of milk production, cell shedding, and a rapid loss of epithelial compartment during post-lactational involution
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• mutant dams show no differences in litter size or pup weight gain during nursing relative to wild-type
• however, mutant dams are unable to reestablish lactation after a 2-day cessation of suckling during mammary gland involution
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