mortality/aging
• almost all homozygotes die at birth
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cellular
• cell adhesion defects are seen in end buds and ducts of transplanted mammary glands
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endocrine/exocrine glands
• end buds formed by transplanted mammary analage display enlarged subcapsular spaces, invaginated cap cell layers and disorganized luminal epithelial cells
• sporadic loss of luminal epithelial cells and separation of epithelial cell layers is detected in transplanted mammary glands
|
renal/urinary system
• many of the multiple ureteric buds have developed to give rise to 2 or more adjacent kidneys
• fusion of these adjacent kidneys may cause the interior nephrogenesis seen at E18.5
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• at E18.5 the region where new nephrons are being generated is not restricted to the periphery as in wild-type mice but extends into the interior of the kidney in homozygotes
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• multiple ureters arising from a single kidney are seen in all homozygous mutants
• all of the ureters remain connected to the nephric duct rather than undergoing remodeling to connect to the bladder
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hydroureter
(
J:90324
)
• at E18.5 the collecting ducts and ureters are grossly dilated
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• at E11.5 multiple ureteric buds (3 or more buds in 14/16 mutants, and 2 in 2/16) emerge from the nephric duct rather than a single bud as in wild-type mice
• some of these buds project medially rather than dorsally
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integument
• end buds formed by transplanted mammary analage display enlarged subcapsular spaces, invaginated cap cell layers and disorganized luminal epithelial cells
• sporadic loss of luminal epithelial cells and separation of epithelial cell layers is detected in transplanted mammary glands
|
digestive/alimentary system
• closer foregut-to-body-wall distance compared to controls at E10.5
|