Analysis Tools
adipose tissue
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• significant increase in mesenteric adipose tissue weight relative to body weight
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• increase in mRNA expression of inflammatory markers in mesenteric white adipose tissue
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digestive/alimentary system
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• colon hyperplasia, with increased colon length and weight
• antibiotic treated mice show reduced colon weight and length from 23% and 22%, respectively, to 14% and 9%
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growth/size/body
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• Background Sensitivity: mice on the FVB/N background are slightly heavier, even on a normal chow diet compared to inconsistent weight differences on a C57BL/6 background
• degree of obesity/weight gain is positively associated with glucose intolerance
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• mild hepatomegaly
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hematopoietic system
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• AOM/DSS-treated mice have a higher number of total IL-13+ and Gr1/Ly6G+ leukocytes and Gr1/Ly6G+IL-13+ cells in mesenteric lymph nodes and tumors, indicating increased number of IL-13-producting neutrophils
• however, the number of IFNgamma+ and CD4+ lymphocytes is similar to controls
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• AOM/DSS-treated mice show a skewed Th1-Th2 cytokine balance, showing elevated Th2-type cytokines (IL-13, IL-4, IL-5) and IL-17 colonic expression and increased levels of the Th2 differentiation marker GATA3, indicating a dominant type 2 immune response
• AOM only treated mice also show higher colonic expression of IL-13, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-17 than in controls
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• although serum IL-13 levels are similar to wild-type levels during the AOM/DSS time course, acute serum IL-13 levels after 7 days 4% DSS treatment are higher in mutants than controls
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• serum IL-6 levels are decreased by day 85 after AOM/DSS treatment compared to wild-type mice
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• mice are severely glucose intolerant
• ablating the gut microbiota with antibiotic treatment protects the mice against metabolic disturbances, restoring glucose tolerance
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• Background Sensitivity: mice on the FVB/N background treated with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) exhibit an increase in both the number and size of colon tumors compared to wild-type controls or mutant mice on the C57BL/6 background, indicating increased susceptibility to induced colorectal cancer
• mice injected only with AOM develop fewer tumors than when treated with an AOM/DSS combination but still about twice as many tumors as wild-type controls
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immune system
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• increase in mRNA expression of inflammatory markers in mesenteric white adipose tissue
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• AOM/DSS-treated mice have a higher number of total IL-13+ and Gr1/Ly6G+ leukocytes and Gr1/Ly6G+IL-13+ cells in mesenteric lymph nodes and tumors, indicating increased number of IL-13-producting neutrophils
• however, the number of IFNgamma+ and CD4+ lymphocytes is similar to controls
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• AOM/DSS-treated mice show a skewed Th1-Th2 cytokine balance, showing elevated Th2-type cytokines (IL-13, IL-4, IL-5) and IL-17 colonic expression and increased levels of the Th2 differentiation marker GATA3, indicating a dominant type 2 immune response
• AOM only treated mice also show higher colonic expression of IL-13, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-17 than in controls
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• although serum IL-13 levels are similar to wild-type levels during the AOM/DSS time course, acute serum IL-13 levels after 7 days 4% DSS treatment are higher in mutants than controls
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• serum IL-6 levels are decreased by day 85 after AOM/DSS treatment compared to wild-type mice
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• increase in mRNA expression of inflammatory markers in the liver
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liver/biliary system
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• mild hepatomegaly
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• increase in mRNA expression of inflammatory markers in the liver
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neoplasm
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• Background Sensitivity: mice on the FVB/N background treated with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) exhibit an increase in both the number and size of colon tumors compared to wild-type controls or mutant mice on the C57BL/6 background, indicating increased susceptibility to induced colorectal cancer
• mice injected only with AOM develop fewer tumors than when treated with an AOM/DSS combination but still about twice as many tumors as wild-type controls
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