Analysis Tools
neoplasm
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• gastrointestinal lesions were seen in 8/49 heterozygous mice, mainly situated in the duodenum or at the junction of the glandular stomach and duodenum
• histological examination of gastrointestinal lesions revealed adenomas and carcinomas in the duodenum
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• histological examination of gastrointestinal lesions revealed adenomas in the duodenum
• gastrinomas in the duodenum
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• histological examination of gastrointestinal lesions revealed adenomas and carcinomas in the glandular stomach
• tumors located in the mucosa of the bodyfunds glandular stomach were composed of uniform cells with scanty cytoplasma and invaded the submucosa layer
• gastrinomas in the glandular stomach
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• in heterozygous mice older than 13 months of age, a high incidence of multiple endocrine tumors was noted, and nearly all mice developed more than one endocrine tumor
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• 3/36 heterozygous female mice over 18 months of age exhibited mammary gland carcinomas
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• histological analysis of 23 glands in homozygous mice showed nodular hyperplasia in two (9%) at 8-12 months of age
• at 13-18 months of age, 7/31 (23%) homozygous mice exhibited nodular hyperplasia
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• after 18 months, 28/61 (46%) heterozygous mice developed adenomas or carcinomas in the adrenal cortex
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• histological analysis of 23 glands in homozygous mice showed adenomas in three (13%) at 8-12 months of age
• at 13-18 months of age, 4/31 (13%) heterozygous mice developed adrenal adenomas
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• after 18 months, heterozygous mice developed adenomas in the adrenal cortex
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• islet hyperplasia is seen by eight months of age
• at 8-12 months of age, 15 of 23 (65%) mice contained hyperplastic or dysplastic islets
• in 4/12 islet tumors analyzed, two hormones were expresssed simultaneously, such as insulin and glucagon, or glucagon and gastrin, suggesting a mixed hormone production
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• at 8-12 months of age, 5/23 (22%) developed islet adenomas
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• islet tumors in 6/12 mice showed strong glucagon immunoreactivity, showing alpha-cell tumors or glucagonomas
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• the majority of the islet tumors expressed high levels of insulin and were thus identified as beta-cell insulinomas
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• at 8-12 months of age, 2/23 developed (9%) carcinomas
• 13/34 mice develop islet carcinomas at 13-18 months of age
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• adenomas are first seen at 12 months of age and were detected in 7/17 (41%) heterozygous mice in the 13- to 18-month age group and 21/33 (64%) mice over 19 months
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• pituitary tumors occur after the age of 18 months and are more common in females (79%)
• 6/15 pituitary tumors showed strong GH immunoreactivity
• however, all pituitary tumors were negative for ACTH staining
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• 9/15 pituitary tumors showed strong exclusive PRL immunoreactivity
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• seen in 4/61 heterozygous mice
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• thyroid follicular cell hyperplasia localized focally, and solid follicular cell carcinomas contained tumor cells in densely packed nest and forming a few minute follicles
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• heterozygous mutant mice developed a high frequency of tumors in the gonad
• 9/12 (75%) male heterozygous mice at 8-12 months of age exhibited gonadal stromal hyperplasia or dysplasia and 3/12 (25%) exhibited stromal cell tumors, with the tumor incidence reaching 59% and 88% in the 13- to 18-month and 19- to 26-month age groups,espectively
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• 19/44 (43%) of heterozygous females developed ovarian tumors between the ages of 13 and 26 months
• histological analysis of these tumors revealed that all were derived from sex-cord stromal cells, mainly granulosa cells, contained large round nuclei; the follicular structure was largely replaced by the tumor mass, and tumor cells expressed high levels of 3beta-HSD, indicating steroidogenesis in the tumor cells
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• the focal stromal hyperplasia and multinodular tumors were seen and were frequently bilateral, compressed the surrounding seminiferous tubules, resulting in degenerative changes
• testis tumor cells were large and often polygonal, with an abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and a central round nucleus, and occasionally contained lipid pigment and vacuoles
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• testes of heterozygous mice contained hyperplastic stromal cells and tumors, both with strong 3beta-HSD expression, a marker for Leydig cells
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• an enlargement of adrenal glands, often bilateral, is observed in heterozygous mice
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• enlarged pituitary was often found in heterozygous mice beyond 13 months of age
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• seen in 4/61 heterozygous mice
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• a marked increase in ovarian size in heterozygous mice after 13 months of age
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• a marked increase in ovarian size in heterozygous mice after 13 months of age
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• in heterozygous mice older than 13 months of age, a high incidence of multiple endocrine tumors was noted, and nearly all mice developed more than one endocrine tumor
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• 3/36 heterozygous female mice over 18 months of age exhibited mammary gland carcinomas
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• histological analysis of 23 glands in homozygous mice showed nodular hyperplasia in two (9%) at 8-12 months of age
• at 13-18 months of age, 7/31 (23%) homozygous mice exhibited nodular hyperplasia
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• after 18 months, 28/61 (46%) heterozygous mice developed adenomas or carcinomas in the adrenal cortex
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• histological analysis of 23 glands in homozygous mice showed adenomas in three (13%) at 8-12 months of age
• at 13-18 months of age, 4/31 (13%) heterozygous mice developed adrenal adenomas
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• after 18 months, heterozygous mice developed adenomas in the adrenal cortex
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• 19/44 (43%) of heterozygous females developed ovarian tumors between the ages of 13 and 26 months
• histological analysis of these tumors revealed that all were derived from sex-cord stromal cells, mainly granulosa cells, contained large round nuclei; the follicular structure was largely replaced by the tumor mass, and tumor cells expressed high levels of 3beta-HSD, indicating steroidogenesis in the tumor cells
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• islet hyperplasia is seen by eight months of age
• at 8-12 months of age, 15 of 23 (65%) mice contained hyperplastic or dysplastic islets
• in 4/12 islet tumors analyzed, two hormones were expresssed simultaneously, such as insulin and glucagon, or glucagon and gastrin, suggesting a mixed hormone production
|
|
• at 8-12 months of age, 5/23 (22%) developed islet adenomas
|
|
• islet tumors in 6/12 mice showed strong glucagon immunoreactivity, showing alpha-cell tumors or glucagonomas
|
|
• the majority of the islet tumors expressed high levels of insulin and were thus identified as beta-cell insulinomas
|
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• at 8-12 months of age, 2/23 developed (9%) carcinomas
• 13/34 mice develop islet carcinomas at 13-18 months of age
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• adenomas are first seen at 12 months of age and were detected in 7/17 (41%) heterozygous mice in the 13- to 18-month age group and 21/33 (64%) mice over 19 months
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• pituitary tumors occur after the age of 18 months and are more common in females (79%)
• 6/15 pituitary tumors showed strong GH immunoreactivity
• however, all pituitary tumors were negative for ACTH staining
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• 9/15 pituitary tumors showed strong exclusive PRL immunoreactivity
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|
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• the focal stromal hyperplasia and multinodular tumors were seen and were frequently bilateral, compressed the surrounding seminiferous tubules, resulting in degenerative changes
• testis tumor cells were large and often polygonal, with an abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and a central round nucleus, and occasionally contained lipid pigment and vacuoles
|
|
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• testes of heterozygous mice contained hyperplastic stromal cells and tumors, both with strong 3beta-HSD expression, a marker for Leydig cells
|
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• seen in 4/61 heterozygous mice
|
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• thyroid follicular cell hyperplasia localized focally, and solid follicular cell carcinomas contained tumor cells in densely packed nest and forming a few minute follicles
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nervous system
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• enlarged pituitary was often found in heterozygous mice beyond 13 months of age
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• pituitary tumors occur after the age of 18 months and are more common in females (79%)
• 6/15 pituitary tumors showed strong GH immunoreactivity
• however, all pituitary tumors were negative for ACTH staining
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• 9/15 pituitary tumors showed strong exclusive PRL immunoreactivity
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reproductive system
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• a marked increase in ovarian size in heterozygous mice after 13 months of age
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• a marked increase in ovarian size in heterozygous mice after 13 months of age
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• heterozygous mutant mice developed a high frequency of tumors in the gonad
• 9/12 (75%) male heterozygous mice at 8-12 months of age exhibited gonadal stromal hyperplasia or dysplasia and 3/12 (25%) exhibited stromal cell tumors, with the tumor incidence reaching 59% and 88% in the 13- to 18-month and 19- to 26-month age groups,espectively
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• 19/44 (43%) of heterozygous females developed ovarian tumors between the ages of 13 and 26 months
• histological analysis of these tumors revealed that all were derived from sex-cord stromal cells, mainly granulosa cells, contained large round nuclei; the follicular structure was largely replaced by the tumor mass, and tumor cells expressed high levels of 3beta-HSD, indicating steroidogenesis in the tumor cells
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• the focal stromal hyperplasia and multinodular tumors were seen and were frequently bilateral, compressed the surrounding seminiferous tubules, resulting in degenerative changes
• testis tumor cells were large and often polygonal, with an abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and a central round nucleus, and occasionally contained lipid pigment and vacuoles
|
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• testes of heterozygous mice contained hyperplastic stromal cells and tumors, both with strong 3beta-HSD expression, a marker for Leydig cells
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digestive/alimentary system
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• gastrointestinal lesions were seen in 8/49 heterozygous mice, mainly situated in the duodenum or at the junction of the glandular stomach and duodenum
• histological examination of gastrointestinal lesions revealed adenomas and carcinomas in the duodenum
|
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• histological examination of gastrointestinal lesions revealed adenomas in the duodenum
• gastrinomas in the duodenum
|
|
• histological examination of gastrointestinal lesions revealed adenomas and carcinomas in the glandular stomach
• tumors located in the mucosa of the bodyfunds glandular stomach were composed of uniform cells with scanty cytoplasma and invaded the submucosa layer
• gastrinomas in the glandular stomach
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growth/size/body
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• a marked increase in ovarian size in heterozygous mice after 13 months of age
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integument
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• 3/36 heterozygous female mice over 18 months of age exhibited mammary gland carcinomas
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Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
| growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma | DOID:6255 | J:85302 | ||
| hyperparathyroidism | DOID:13543 |
OMIM:145000 OMIM:145001 OMIM:610071 |
J:85302 | |
| multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 | DOID:10017 |
OMIM:131100 |
J:85302 | |
| prolactinoma | DOID:5394 | J:85302 | ||
