Analysis Tools
reproductive system
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• despite severe subfertility, male mice show normal testicular morphology, normal spermatogenesis, and normal sperm morphology and motility
• female mice exhibit normal fertility
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• 8-week-old male mice are severely subfertile and produce significantly fewer pups per plug than wild-type males
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• in vitro, sperm exhibit a severe defect in binding cumulus-free zona pellucida (ZP)-intact eggs
• however, IVF using cumulus-intact oocytes shows that spermatozoa can fertilize eggs with fertilization rates comparable to those in wild-type controls
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• epididymal spermatozoa suspended in TYH medium fail to show distinct sperm aggregates after 2 h of incubation
• spermatozoa show significantly reduced binding capacity to extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including laminin I and fibronectin
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• in vivo assays using fluorescently tagged sperm show that spermatozoa fail to pass through the uterotubal junction into the oviduct after mating
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cellular
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• epididymal spermatozoa suspended in TYH medium fail to show distinct sperm aggregates after 2 h of incubation
• spermatozoa show significantly reduced binding capacity to extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including laminin I and fibronectin
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• in vivo assays using fluorescently tagged sperm show that spermatozoa fail to pass through the uterotubal junction into the oviduct after mating
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• Western blot analysis shows a significant reduction in ADAM2 protein levels in both the testes and spermatozoa
• ADAM3 protein levels are normal in the testes but significantly decreased in spermatozoa
• GALNTL5 is present in the testes but absent in spermatozoa
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