Analysis Tools
reproductive system
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• at 3 weeks of age, growing ovarian follicles show significantly more cleaved caspase-3 immunosignals than in wild-type ovaries
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• Ki67 immunostaining indicates decreased granulosa cell (GC) proliferation
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• immunofluorescence staining shows a significant reduction of YAP1 expression in GCs of pre-pubertal ovaries at 3 weeks of age; notably, YAP1 immunosignals are predominantly located in the cytoplasm of GCs, unlike in wild-type growing follicles where YAP1 immunosignals are typically located in the GC nuclei
• a similar decrease in YAP1 immunosignal intensity and induction of YAP1 cytoplasmic translocation in GCs is also noted in sexually mature ovaries at 8 weeks of age
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• number of total growing follicles per ovary is significantly decreased both at 3 weeks (pre-pubertal stage) and at 8 weeks of age (sexually mature stage)
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• number of large secondary follicles wrapped up by >5 layers of GCs is significantly reduced at 3 weeks, but not at 8 weeks, of age
• however, number of small secondary follicles wrapped up by 2-5 layers of GCs is normal at 3- and 8 weeks of age
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• only a few tertiary (antral) follicles per ovary are isolated at 3 weeks of age; number of tertiary follicles is significantly reduced at 8 weeks of age
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• number of atretic follicles is significantly increased at 8 weeks of age
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• pre-pubertal ovaries exhibit mainly early secondary follicles, with only a few large secondary or antral follicles isolated at 3 weeks of age
• RNA-seq/bioinformatics analysis of primary granulosa cells (GCs) from 3-week-old ovaries show that multiple biological functions and signaling pathways related to follicular development are disrupted
• Western blots of whole ovary extracts show marked downregulation of follicle growth/GC proliferation related proteins (CCND1, FOXO1, BCL2), along with downregulation of AKT and YAP1 protein levels
• further analysis suggests impaired EGFR and Hippo/YAP signaling in GCs
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small ovary
(
J:360852
)
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• ovarian size is dramatically reduced at 3-, 8-, and 12 weeks of age
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• number of litters per female is significantly lower than in wild-type females; in total, females give birth to 40% fewer pups during a 5-month breeding trial
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• average female litter size is significantly decreased after mating with fertility-proven male mice
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• at 3 weeks of age, growing ovarian follicles show significantly more cleaved caspase-3 immunosignals than in wild-type ovaries
|
|
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• Ki67 immunostaining indicates decreased granulosa cell (GC) proliferation
|
|
|
• immunofluorescence staining shows a significant reduction of YAP1 expression in GCs of pre-pubertal ovaries at 3 weeks of age; notably, YAP1 immunosignals are predominantly located in the cytoplasm of GCs, unlike in wild-type growing follicles where YAP1 immunosignals are typically located in the GC nuclei
• a similar decrease in YAP1 immunosignal intensity and induction of YAP1 cytoplasmic translocation in GCs is also noted in sexually mature ovaries at 8 weeks of age
|
|
|
• number of total growing follicles per ovary is significantly decreased both at 3 weeks (pre-pubertal stage) and at 8 weeks of age (sexually mature stage)
|
|
|
• number of large secondary follicles wrapped up by >5 layers of GCs is significantly reduced at 3 weeks, but not at 8 weeks, of age
• however, number of small secondary follicles wrapped up by 2-5 layers of GCs is normal at 3- and 8 weeks of age
|
|
|
• only a few tertiary (antral) follicles per ovary are isolated at 3 weeks of age; number of tertiary follicles is significantly reduced at 8 weeks of age
|
|
|
• number of atretic follicles is significantly increased at 8 weeks of age
|
|
|
• pre-pubertal ovaries exhibit mainly early secondary follicles, with only a few large secondary or antral follicles isolated at 3 weeks of age
• RNA-seq/bioinformatics analysis of primary granulosa cells (GCs) from 3-week-old ovaries show that multiple biological functions and signaling pathways related to follicular development are disrupted
• Western blots of whole ovary extracts show marked downregulation of follicle growth/GC proliferation related proteins (CCND1, FOXO1, BCL2), along with downregulation of AKT and YAP1 protein levels
• further analysis suggests impaired EGFR and Hippo/YAP signaling in GCs
|
small ovary
(
J:360852
)
|
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• ovarian size is dramatically reduced at 3-, 8-, and 12 weeks of age
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cellular
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• at 3 weeks of age, growing ovarian follicles show significantly more cleaved caspase-3 immunosignals than in wild-type ovaries
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• Ki67 immunostaining indicates decreased granulosa cell (GC) proliferation
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