Analysis Tools
growth/size/body
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• when 8-week-old male mice are fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, their weekly body weight gain is significantly lower than that of HFD-fed wild-type controls starting at week 1 after HFD feeding
• however, no differences in daily food intake, caloric intake, or water consumption are observed under standard chow (SD) or HFD feeding relative to diet-matched wild-type controls
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• HFD-fed males exhibit enlarged livers
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• males show a significant increase in actual and relative liver weight under both standard chow (SD) and HFD feeding conditions; increase in liver weight is significantly greater after 12 weeks on the HFD than on the SD
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• when 8-week-old male mice are fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, their weekly body weight gain is significantly lower than that of HFD-fed wild-type controls starting at week 1 after HFD feeding
• however, no differences in daily food intake, caloric intake, or water consumption are observed under standard chow (SD) or HFD feeding relative to diet-matched wild-type controls
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• after a 5-h fast, plasma insulin levels are significantly higher than those in wild-type controls
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• in an intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (ITT), plasma glucose levels are hardly reduced at 90 min after insulin injection; AUC value is significantly higher than that in wild-type controls, indicating insulin resistance
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• after a 5-h fast, plasma adiponectin levels are significantly lower than those in wild-type controls
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• males show a marked reduction of phospholipase A1/A2 (PLA1/A2) activity in white adipose tissue (WAT) relative to wild-type controls
• however, N-acyltransferase activity is negligible in WAT and comparable to that in wild-type controls
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liver/biliary system
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• HFD-fed males exhibit enlarged livers
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• males show a significant increase in actual and relative liver weight under both standard chow (SD) and HFD feeding conditions; increase in liver weight is significantly greater after 12 weeks on the HFD than on the SD
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• HFD-fed males exhibit significantly more hepatic lipid accumulation than HFD-fed wild-type controls, as indicated by oil red O and H&E staining
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pale liver
(
J:343807
)
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• HFD-fed males exhibit whitish livers
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adipose tissue
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• HFD-fed males show decreased white adipocyte size upon H&E staining; the frequency of medium (400-799 um2) and large (800-3000 um2) adipocytes is significantly lower than that in HFD-fed wild-type controls
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• males show a significant decrease in total and relative WAT weight under both SD and HFD feeding conditions
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• HFD-fed males show substantial infiltration of F4/80+ macrophages and significantly higher mRNA expression of Adgre1 (encoding F4/80) in WAT than HFD-fed wild-type controls, suggesting that inflammation is exacerbated by macrophages
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immune system
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• HFD-fed males show substantial infiltration of F4/80+ macrophages and significantly higher mRNA expression of Adgre1 (encoding F4/80) in WAT than HFD-fed wild-type controls, suggesting that inflammation is exacerbated by macrophages
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muscle
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• males show a significant decrease in gastrocnemius weight under both SD and HFD feeding conditions; reduction in gastrocnemius weight is significantly smaller on the HFD than on the SD
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• HFD-fed males show a significant decrease in the total weight of quadriceps, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles relative to HFD-fed wild-type controls
• however, total skeletal muscle weight is not significantly altered on the SD and femur weight is normal under both SD and HFD feeding
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limbs/digits/tail
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• males show a significant decrease in gastrocnemius weight under both SD and HFD feeding conditions; reduction in gastrocnemius weight is significantly smaller on the HFD than on the SD
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