growth/size/body
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• both male and female mice show overall reduced body sizes (dwarfism) after birth
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• both male and female mice weigh less than wild-type and heterozygous controls from 4 weeks to 4 months of age
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• mice exhibit delayed postnatal growth relative to controls
• however, no major developmental defects are observed
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cellular
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• in vitro, primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) isolated from E13.5 homozygous embryos proliferate very slowly relative to wild-type cells
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• primary MEFs exhibit increased expression of certain epigenetically silenced repetitive elements, showing a minimal increase in major satellite and LINE transcript levels (1.25- and 1.6-fold increase, respectively) along with a significant increase in SINE transcripts
• however, expression of protein coding genes is largely unaffected, with Tmem267 (aka Gm7120) found to be the only significantly upregulated gene in primary MEFs
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• primary MEFs exhibit slightly decreased H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 protein levels whereas H4K20me3 protein levels are significantly increased
• however, total H3K9me3 protein levels and ORC2 localization to pericentromeric heterochromatin (PCH) are unaffected, and distribution of PCH markers (HP1alpha, HP1beta, H3K9me3) is similar to that in wild-type MEFs
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