Analysis Tools
cellular
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• increased incidence of bent midpiece
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• increased incidence of backward curved heads
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reproductive system
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N |
• normal spermatogonial, primary spermatocyte, round spermatid, elongated spermatid, and Sertoli cell morphology in seminiferous tubules
• normal testis/body weight ratio
• normal cauda epididymal sperm content
• normal serum testosterone level
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• increased incidence of bent midpiece
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• increased incidence of backward curved heads
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• low fertilization ability of spermatozoa in vitro
• fewer pregnancies after 2 months cohabitation with WT females
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