Analysis Tools
endocrine/exocrine glands
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• the mitotically quiescent nature of the adult virgin mammary gland is not seen in mutants and the virgin mammary gland has the appearance of a gland in early stages of pregnancy where epithelial cells fill the interductal spaces
• epithelial secretions from adult virgin mammary glands show a punctate pattern of yellow staining indicative of lactoferrin, a protein seen in lactating or regressing glands
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• the mammary gland shows a failure to fully involute after two rounds of pregnancy and regression, with lobuloalveolar structures branching off of the primary and secondary ducts persisting months after weaning
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• adult virgin mammary glands show some degree of ductal enlargement
• the ducts appear slightly dilated in multiparous females
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• the virgin mammary tree undergoes lobuloalveolar hyperplasia throughout the gland
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• alveolar hyperplasia in adult virgin mammary glands
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• in multiparous mice, rather than reverting to a near virgin state after pregnancy, the gland continues to produce milk proteins and lipids long after weaning
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integument
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• the mitotically quiescent nature of the adult virgin mammary gland is not seen in mutants and the virgin mammary gland has the appearance of a gland in early stages of pregnancy where epithelial cells fill the interductal spaces
• epithelial secretions from adult virgin mammary glands show a punctate pattern of yellow staining indicative of lactoferrin, a protein seen in lactating or regressing glands
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• the mammary gland shows a failure to fully involute after two rounds of pregnancy and regression, with lobuloalveolar structures branching off of the primary and secondary ducts persisting months after weaning
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• adult virgin mammary glands show some degree of ductal enlargement
• the ducts appear slightly dilated in multiparous females
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• the virgin mammary tree undergoes lobuloalveolar hyperplasia throughout the gland
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• alveolar hyperplasia in adult virgin mammary glands
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• in multiparous mice, rather than reverting to a near virgin state after pregnancy, the gland continues to produce milk proteins and lipids long after weaning
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• small foci are seen throughout the fourth inguinal and third thoracic glands of females that have been continuously mated for over a year and a half; these lesions are keratoacanthomas, composed largely of squamous epithelium producing large amounts of laminar keratin
• all tumors are surrounded by dense fibrous stroma and confined to mammary gland tissue
• however, even after continuous mating for over a year and a half, mice do not develop mammary tumors
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neoplasm
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• small foci are seen throughout the fourth inguinal and third thoracic glands of females that have been continuously mated for over a year and a half; these lesions are keratoacanthomas, composed largely of squamous epithelium producing large amounts of laminar keratin
• all tumors are surrounded by dense fibrous stroma and confined to mammary gland tissue
• however, even after continuous mating for over a year and a half, mice do not develop mammary tumors
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