neoplasm
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• total mammary tumor burden is significantly increased relative to that in control mice carrying the transgene on a wild-type background
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• mice show significantly enhanced primary mammary cancer initiation and tumor progression relative to control mice
• tumors show increased AKT signaling
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• mice show a 4.3-fold reduction in the total number of lung metastases relative to control mice
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• mean volume of the largest mammary tumor per mouse and total tumor volume is significantly higher than that in control mice, and associated with increased cell proliferation as shown by Ki67 staining
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cellular
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• in transwell assays, epithelial tumor cells established from primary mammary tumors show a 3.5-fold decrease in relative cell migration toward a serum gradient; cell migration defect is partly rescued by treatment with a pan-AKT inhibitor (AktX), suggesting dysregulated AKT signaling
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• total mammary tumor burden is significantly increased relative to that in control mice carrying the transgene on a wild-type background
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• at 45 days of age, mice show a ~5-fold increase in the number of hyperplastic foci in mammary fat pads relative to control mice carrying the transgene on a wild-type background
• total area of mammary gland hyperplasia is increased by 3-fold at 45 days and by 2.4-fold at 70 days of age
• % of proliferating (Ki67+) cells is significantly increased in hyperplastic lesions at 45 and 70 days of age
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integument
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• total mammary tumor burden is significantly increased relative to that in control mice carrying the transgene on a wild-type background
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• at 45 days of age, mice show a ~5-fold increase in the number of hyperplastic foci in mammary fat pads relative to control mice carrying the transgene on a wild-type background
• total area of mammary gland hyperplasia is increased by 3-fold at 45 days and by 2.4-fold at 70 days of age
• % of proliferating (Ki67+) cells is significantly increased in hyperplastic lesions at 45 and 70 days of age
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