Phenotypes associated with this allele

• Allele Symbol: Grem2^tm1Lex
• Allele Name: targeted mutation 1, Lexicon Genetics
• Allele ID: MGI:5702891
• Summary: 1 genotype

Jump to	Allelic Composition	Genetic Background	Genotype ID
hm1	Grem2^tm1Lex/Grem2^tm1Lex	involves: 129S5/SvEvBrd * C57BL/6	MGI:5705133

Genotype
MGI:5705133

hm1

• Allelic Composition: Grem2^tm1Lex/Grem2^tm1Lex
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S5/SvEvBrd * C57BL/6

• ♀: phenotype observed in females
• ♂: phenotype observed in males
• N: normal phenotype

craniofacial

abnormal incisor morphology ( J:227246 )

• all homozygotes exhibit upper and lower incisor teeth with markedly reduced breadth and depth, resulting in a needle-like appearance

• upper incisors appear to be more severely affected than lower incisors

• both pairs of incisors are prone to excessive wear and breakage

• by 20 weeks of age, both pairs of incisors are worn down to the gum line in most homozygotes

small lower incisors ( J:227246 )

• mandibular incisors are slightly smaller than normal

small upper incisors ( J:227246 )

• maxillary incisors are much smaller than normal

abnormal molar cusp morphology ( J:227246 )

• microCT scans suggest that cusp development in molar teeth is reduced or that cusps are effaced by accelerated wear

abnormal dentin morphology ( J:227246 )

• the dentin layer of maxillary incisors is narrow and irregular and does not fully encircle the dental pulp

• the irregular dentin layer in maxillary incisors is open posteriorly at all stages of tooth maturation and covered anteriorly by a crescent-shaped enamel cap

• similar defects in dentin (malformed and incomplete surrounding of pulp) are seen in mandibular incisors

reduced enamel thickness ( J:227246 )

• similar defects in enamel (small narrow caps) are seen in maxillary and mandibular incisors

abnormal tooth wear ( J:227246 )

• both pairs of incisors are prone to excessive wear

• by 20 weeks of age, both pairs of incisors are worn down to the gum line in most homozygotes

brittle teeth ( J:227246 )

• both pairs of incisors are prone to breakage

small mandible ( J:227246 )

• microCT scans show that the length and diameter of the mandible is decreased in proportion to the reduced incisor size

growth/size/body

abnormal incisor morphology ( J:227246 )

• all homozygotes exhibit upper and lower incisor teeth with markedly reduced breadth and depth, resulting in a needle-like appearance

• upper incisors appear to be more severely affected than lower incisors

• both pairs of incisors are prone to excessive wear and breakage

• by 20 weeks of age, both pairs of incisors are worn down to the gum line in most homozygotes

small lower incisors ( J:227246 )

• mandibular incisors are slightly smaller than normal

small upper incisors ( J:227246 )

• maxillary incisors are much smaller than normal

abnormal molar cusp morphology ( J:227246 )

• microCT scans suggest that cusp development in molar teeth is reduced or that cusps are effaced by accelerated wear

abnormal dentin morphology ( J:227246 )

• the dentin layer of maxillary incisors is narrow and irregular and does not fully encircle the dental pulp

• the irregular dentin layer in maxillary incisors is open posteriorly at all stages of tooth maturation and covered anteriorly by a crescent-shaped enamel cap

• similar defects in dentin (malformed and incomplete surrounding of pulp) are seen in mandibular incisors

reduced enamel thickness ( J:227246 )

• similar defects in enamel (small narrow caps) are seen in maxillary and mandibular incisors

abnormal tooth wear ( J:227246 )

• both pairs of incisors are prone to excessive wear

• by 20 weeks of age, both pairs of incisors are worn down to the gum line in most homozygotes

brittle teeth ( J:227246 )

• both pairs of incisors are prone to breakage

skeleton

abnormal incisor morphology ( J:227246 )

• all homozygotes exhibit upper and lower incisor teeth with markedly reduced breadth and depth, resulting in a needle-like appearance

• upper incisors appear to be more severely affected than lower incisors

• both pairs of incisors are prone to excessive wear and breakage

• by 20 weeks of age, both pairs of incisors are worn down to the gum line in most homozygotes

small lower incisors ( J:227246 )

• mandibular incisors are slightly smaller than normal

small upper incisors ( J:227246 )

• maxillary incisors are much smaller than normal

abnormal molar cusp morphology ( J:227246 )

• microCT scans suggest that cusp development in molar teeth is reduced or that cusps are effaced by accelerated wear

abnormal dentin morphology ( J:227246 )

• the dentin layer of maxillary incisors is narrow and irregular and does not fully encircle the dental pulp

• the irregular dentin layer in maxillary incisors is open posteriorly at all stages of tooth maturation and covered anteriorly by a crescent-shaped enamel cap

• similar defects in dentin (malformed and incomplete surrounding of pulp) are seen in mandibular incisors

reduced enamel thickness ( J:227246 )

• similar defects in enamel (small narrow caps) are seen in maxillary and mandibular incisors

abnormal tooth wear ( J:227246 )

• both pairs of incisors are prone to excessive wear

• by 20 weeks of age, both pairs of incisors are worn down to the gum line in most homozygotes

brittle teeth ( J:227246 )

• both pairs of incisors are prone to breakage

small mandible ( J:227246 )

• microCT scans show that the length and diameter of the mandible is decreased in proportion to the reduced incisor size

increased bone mineral density ( J:227246 )

• homozygotes display slightly increased DEXA bone mineral density values for body (4%), spine (13%), and femur (12%), suggesting a mild effect on bone structure

• however, no changes are noted in microCT scans of LV5 vertebral body trabecular bone or midshaft femur cortical bone

• histopathology revealed no skeletal abnormalities

increased bone mineral density of femur ( J:227246 )

behavior/neurological

behavior/neurological phenotype ( J:227246 )

N • homozygotes show no obvious behavioral defects

immune system

immune system phenotype ( J:227246 )

N • homozygotes show no obvious immunologic defects

homeostasis/metabolism

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype ( J:227246 )

N • homozygotes show no obvious metabolic defects

vision/eye

vision/eye phenotype ( J:227246 )

N • homozygotes show no obvious ophthalmic defects