Analysis Tools
hematopoietic system
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• B-cell expansion is monoclonal compared to polyclonal expansion in wild-type mice
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• increase in the number of megakaryocytes with foci of erythroid and myeloid cells, indicating extramedullary hematopoiesis
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• increase in the number of megakaryocytes with foci of erythroid and myeloid cells
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• mutants exhibit an increase in mature B cells, having up to 43% mature B cells compared to 22% in wild-type mice
• activated mature B cells are increased to more than 10% compared with less than 5% in controls
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• fraction of activated germinal cell B cells is elevated in mutants in response to LPS compared to wild-type mice
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• increase in frequency of CD138+ plasma cells in the spleen
• plasmablasts are increased in the bone marrow
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• spleen architecture is characterized as mainly medium to large lymphocytes with frequent mitoses and a small number of mature lymphocytes compared to controls which show mainly small lymphocytes and a small number of reticuloendothelial cells
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• spleens of tumor-bearing mice are enlarged; splenomegaly develops slowly and late in life
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• transitional type 2-marginal zone precursors (marginal zone precursors and differentiated from transitional type 2-follicular precursor B cell (T2-FP)) are increased, however newly formed/transitional type I, T2-FP, precursors of follicular B cells are not affected
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• increase in marginal zone B cells and in activated marginal zone B cells
• marginal zone cells are expanded in the spleen and outside the interface between the B-cell follicle and the marginal zone ring
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• mature B cells are chronically activated
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• splenic B cells cultured with anti-IgM or anti-CD40 antibodies or LPS proliferate more than wild-type B cells, indicating hyper-responsiveness to stimulation
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• enlarged PNA+ patches are seen, indicating enlarged activated germinal centers
• activation of marginal zone and germinal cell B cells is increased in response to polyvalent, TLR-activating (LPS) and single hapten (NP) TD antigen
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• marginal zone B cells are more expanded by LPS in mutants than in controls indicating increased activation in response to polyvalent, TLR-activating antigen
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immune system
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• B-cell expansion is monoclonal compared to polyclonal expansion in wild-type mice
|
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• mutants exhibit an increase in mature B cells, having up to 43% mature B cells compared to 22% in wild-type mice
• activated mature B cells are increased to more than 10% compared with less than 5% in controls
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• fraction of activated germinal cell B cells is elevated in mutants in response to LPS compared to wild-type mice
|
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• increase in frequency of CD138+ plasma cells in the spleen
• plasmablasts are increased in the bone marrow
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• spleen architecture is characterized as mainly medium to large lymphocytes with frequent mitoses and a small number of mature lymphocytes compared to controls which show mainly small lymphocytes and a small number of reticuloendothelial cells
|
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• spleens of tumor-bearing mice are enlarged; splenomegaly develops slowly and late in life
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• transitional type 2-marginal zone precursors (marginal zone precursors and differentiated from transitional type 2-follicular precursor B cell (T2-FP)) are increased, however newly formed/transitional type I, T2-FP, precursors of follicular B cells are not affected
|
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• increase in marginal zone B cells and in activated marginal zone B cells
• marginal zone cells are expanded in the spleen and outside the interface between the B-cell follicle and the marginal zone ring
|
|
• mature B cells are chronically activated
|
|
• splenic B cells cultured with anti-IgM or anti-CD40 antibodies or LPS proliferate more than wild-type B cells, indicating hyper-responsiveness to stimulation
|
|
• enlarged PNA+ patches are seen, indicating enlarged activated germinal centers
• activation of marginal zone and germinal cell B cells is increased in response to polyvalent, TLR-activating (LPS) and single hapten (NP) TD antigen
|
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• marginal zone B cells are more expanded by LPS in mutants than in controls indicating increased activation in response to polyvalent, TLR-activating antigen
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neoplasm
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• 16% of mutants develop lymphoma compared to 2.7% of controls
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growth/size/body
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• spleens of tumor-bearing mice are enlarged; splenomegaly develops slowly and late in life
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cellular
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• splenic B cells cultured with anti-IgM or anti-CD40 antibodies or LPS proliferate more than wild-type B cells, indicating hyper-responsiveness to stimulation
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