mortality/aging
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• mice die by E13.0
(J:121229)
• however, mice from females supplemented with retinoic acid from E7.5 to E10.5 exhibit normal Mendelian frequency at E13.0
(J:121229)
• embryos survive only until E12.5-13.5
(J:171522)
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craniofacial
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• mice exhibit craniofacial defects unlike wild-type mice
• however, craniofacial defects in mice from females supplemented with retinoic acid from E7.5 to E10.5 are rescued
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• variable clefting of the frontonasal process
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• insufficient growth and fusion
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• distal maxillary hypoplasia
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• insufficient growth and fusion
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• laterally displaced nasal placodes
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• E10.5 mutant embryos exhibit a persistent connection between the second arch artery and endocardium of the outflow tract of the heart
|
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• at E10.5, PECAM-1 immunostaining revealed an absence of the sixth pharyngeal artery in trex mutant embryos
|
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|
• the third pharyngeal arch was severly reduced in size and appeared rudimentary and was often fused to the second arch
|
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• at E10.5, PECAM-1 immunostaining revealed an absence of the third pharyngeal artery in trex mutant embryos
|
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• at E10.5, caudal pharyngeal arches are absent unlike in wild-type mice
|
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• agenesis of the fourth pharyngeal arch
|
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|
• the third pharyngeal arch appeared as a rudimentary strucure that was fused distally with the second arch
|
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• mice exhibit agenesis of nasal chambers unlike in wild-type mice
|
|
|
• mice exhibit variable frontonasal process clefting unlike wild-type mice
• however, facial clefting in mice from females supplemented with retinoic acid from E7.5 to E10.5 are rescued
|
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|
• midline facial cleft apparent by E12.5-13.5
|
nervous system
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• from E10.5 to E13.5, formation of trigeminal, facial, vestibuloacoustic, and glossopharyngeal ganglia is abnormal compared to in wild-type mice
(J:121229)
• from E10.5 to E13.5, the proximal region of each ganglion is reduced in size or missing compared to in wild-type mice
(J:121229)
• at E9.5, caudal ganglia are severely affected with absence of the neural crest derived populations in the cervical region
(J:171522)
|
|
|
• from E10.5 to E13.5, vestibuloacoustic ganglia formation is abnormal compared to in wild-type mice
(J:121229)
• at E9.5, agenesis of the facioacoustic/vestibulocochlear ganglion
(J:171522)
• at E10.5, considerable disorganization and agenesis of the facioacoustic/vestibulocochlear branches
(J:171522)
|
|
|
• from E10.5 to E13.5, facial ganglia formation is abnormal compared to in wild-type mice
(J:121229)
• at E9.5, the facial ganglion is missing the dorsal root
(J:171522)
|
|
|
• from E10.5 to E13.5, glossopharyngeal ganglia formation is abnormal compared to in wild-type mice
(J:121229)
• at E9.5, agenesis of the glossopharyngeal ganglion
(J:171522)
• at E10.5, considerable disorganization and agenesis of the glossopharyngeal branches
(J:171522)
|
|
|
• from E10.5 to E13.5, trigeminal ganglia formation is abnormal compared to in wild-type mice
(J:121229)
• at E9.5, trigeminal ganglion is missing the dorsal half, or proximal root, suggesting pertubations of neural crest cell migration in mutant embryos
(J:171522)
• at E10.5, mutant embryos exhibit hypoplastic trigeminal ganglia with truncated maxillary and mandibular branches
(J:171522)
|
|
|
• at E9.5, agenesis of the vagal ganglion
• at E10.5, considerable disorganization and agenesis of the vagal branches
|
limbs/digits/tail
|
|
• at E10.5, forelimb patterning is abnormal compared to in wild-type mice based on marker expression
|
|
|
• at E12.5 to E13.0, autopods are narrow with abnormal interdigitation compared with wild-type mice
• however, interdigitation defects in mice from females supplemented with retinoic acid from E7.5 to E10.5 are rescued
|
|
|
• at E13.0, forelimbs exhibit abnormal and reduced cartilage condensation compared to in wild-type mice
• at E13.5, forelimbs are small and abnormally shaped compared to in wild-type mice
• however, limb outgrowth anomalies in mice from females supplemented with retinoic acid from E7.5 to E10.5 are rescued
|
|
|
• at E12.5 to E13.0, autopods exhibit abnormal interdigitation compared with wild-type mice
|
vision/eye
|
|
• the lens is hypoplastic compared to in wild-type mice
|
|
|
• by E12.5, agenesis of the ventral half of the eye is apparent
(J:171522)
|
|
|
• at E10.5, optic vesicles are misshapen unlike in wild-type mice
(J:121229)
• at E9.5, optic vesicle is smaller than in controls
(J:171522)
|
|
|
• the ventral half of the retina is absent
|
respiratory system
|
|
• laterally displaced nasal placodes
|
|
|
• mice exhibit agenesis of nasal chambers unlike in wild-type mice
|
|
|
• lungs fail to undergo growth and branching morphogenesis compared to in wild-type mice
|
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• at E10.5, mice exhibit lung bud agenesis compared to wild-type mice
|
embryo
|
N |
• mice exhibit normal bilateral symmetry of somite formation and differentiation
|
|
|
• E10.5 mutant embryos exhibit a persistent connection between the second arch artery and endocardium of the outflow tract of the heart
|
|
|
• at E10.5, PECAM-1 immunostaining revealed an absence of the sixth pharyngeal artery in trex mutant embryos
|
|
|
• the third pharyngeal arch was severly reduced in size and appeared rudimentary and was often fused to the second arch
|
|
|
• at E10.5, PECAM-1 immunostaining revealed an absence of the third pharyngeal artery in trex mutant embryos
|
|
|
• at E10.5, caudal pharyngeal arches are absent unlike in wild-type mice
|
|
|
• agenesis of the fourth pharyngeal arch
|
|
|
• the third pharyngeal arch appeared as a rudimentary strucure that was fused distally with the second arch
|
|
|
• at E10.5, forelimb patterning is abnormal compared to in wild-type mice based on marker expression
|
digestive/alimentary system
hearing/vestibular/ear
|
|
• often duplicated and displaced at E10.5
|
|
|
• at E9.5, the otocyst is displaced rostrally and the otic placode frequently gives rise to multiple supernumerary otocyst adjacent to the caudal hindbrain and rostral spinal cord
|
liver/biliary system
|
|
• livers contain fewer lobes than in wild-type mice
|
reproductive system
|
|
• at E13.0, gonads are underdeveloped compared to in wild-type mice
|
renal/urinary system
|
|
• at E13.0, the metanephros rudiments are hypoplastic and underdeveloped compared to in wild-type mice
|
cardiovascular system
|
|
• at E10.5, the dorsal aorta, which connects to the pharyngeal arch arteries, is considerably narrower in mutants compared to controls
|
|
|
• E10.5 mutant embryos exhibit a persistent connection between the second arch artery and endocardium of the outflow tract of the heart
|
|
|
• at E10.5, PECAM-1 immunostaining revealed an absence of the sixth pharyngeal artery in trex mutant embryos
|
|
|
• at E10.5, PECAM-1 immunostaining revealed an absence of the third pharyngeal artery in trex mutant embryos
|
|
|
• E10.5 mutant embryos exhibit a persistent connection between the second arch artery and endocardium of the outflow tract of the heart
|
|
|
• mice exhibit hemorrhage and blood pooling unlike wild-type mice
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
skeleton
taste/olfaction
|
|
• laterally displaced nasal placodes
|
growth/size/body
|
|
• mice exhibit agenesis of nasal chambers unlike in wild-type mice
|
|
|
• mice exhibit variable frontonasal process clefting unlike wild-type mice
• however, facial clefting in mice from females supplemented with retinoic acid from E7.5 to E10.5 are rescued
|
|
|
• midline facial cleft apparent by E12.5-13.5
|
Analysis Tools