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Allele Symbol Allele Name Allele ID |
Ppargtm2Avp targeted mutation 2, Antonio Vidal-Puig MGI:3711168 |
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| Summary |
3 genotypes
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• short chain triacylglycerides in islets are decreased
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• at 4 weeks of age
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
| N |
• mice breed normally
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• despite reduction of adiponectin levels plasma leptin levels are increased on a normal and high fat diet
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• when fed a normal diet, mice show decreased insulin-increased glucose turnover, glucose turnover rates and whole body glucose synthesis
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• fasted glucose levels are increased in the presence of increased plasma insulin
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• at 16 weeks of age, male but not female mice exhibit glucose intolerance when fed a normal or high fat diet
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• levels are reduced under a normal diet but levels fail to reduce further under a high fat diet (HFD) regime
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• intradermal fat deposits are reduced at 16 and 32 weeks
• although adipose tissue differentiates properly in vivo, preadipocytes differentiate poorly in vitro
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• preferential deposition of fat subcutaneously without reduction in the intra-abdominal/peridonadal fat pad on a normal and high fat diet
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• after being fed a high fat diet (HFD), mice exhibit adipocyte hypertrophy
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• while fewer long-chain triacylglycerols species and C32:n phosphatidylcholines are produced, there is an upregulation of a cluster of lipids containing short-chain triacylglycerols, long-chain phospholipids, lyso-phoslipids, diacylclycerols and ceramide-related compounds
• however, total lipid content is the same as in wild-type mice
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• although female mice consume a similar amount of oxygen as Lepob homozygotes, double homozygous females have a lower respiratory exchange ratio in a fed state
• however, no difference in the respiratory exchange ratio is seen in the fasted state compared Lep single homozygotes
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• insulin secretion is impaired compared to Lepob homozygotes under basal and stimulated condition even when corrected for insulin content
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• develops earlier than in than Lepob homozygotes at 4 weeks
• however, no differences in glucose levels are found at 3 to 5 days after birth
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• develops at 4 weeks of age in conjunction with a change to chow feed
• at 16 weeks, males have severe hyperglycemia in fed and fasted states whereas females have a milder phenotype
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• at 16 weeks male mice, and to a lesser extend female mice, have inappropriately low insulin levels
• plasma insulin levels are lower than in Lepob homozygotes
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• at 4 weeks insulin levels are increased to a similar extent as in Lepob homozygotes
• at 16 weeks in male mice, and to a lesser extent in female mice, insulin levels are elevated relative to wild-type mice but reduced levels relative to Lepob homozygotes
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• at 6 weeks
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• insulin resistance is more severe and develops earlier (by 4 weeks of age) than in Lepob homozygotes
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• at 4 weeks of age
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• males only
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• hypertriglyceridemia
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• decrease in triacylglycerides and accumulation of reactive lipid species in adipose tissue, pancreatic islets, liver, and skeletal muscle
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• decrease in short and medium chain triacylglyceride levels
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| N |
• despite insulin resistance, beta cell mass is similar to wild-type mice
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• at 16 weeks, islet cells are decreased in number and size (30% smaller) and insulin content is 30-fold lower compared to Lepob homozygotes
• at 16 weeks, islets from females are grey, have irregular surfaces and require less time for collagenase digestion
• decrease in short chain triacylglyceride levels and increase in concentrations of reactive lipid species
• at 4 weeks of age no differences in pancreas morphology are seen
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• alpha cells are scattered rather than forming a rim around the beta cells
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• insulin secretion is impaired compared to Lepob homozygotes under basal and stimulated condition even when corrected for insulin content
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• water consumption is significantly increased at 6 weeks of age compared to Lepob homozygotes
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• mice are hyperphagic
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• at 6 weeks, night activity is increased compared to Lepob homozygotes
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• at 20 weeks, mice are less active compared to wild-type mice or Ppargtm1Avb homozygotes
• however, activity levels are comparable to those seen in Lepob homozygotes
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• at 16 weeks, mice have fewer small adipocytes compared to Lepob homozygotes or wild-type mice
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• at 20 weeks, mice have a 4% increase body fat composition compared to wild-type mice, which is less than the 40% increase in Lepob homozygotes
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| N |
• over a 12 week period, mice maintain a normal weight unlike Lepob homozygotes
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• increase in levels of reactive lipid species
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• decrease in short and medium chain triacylglyceride levels
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• increase in hepatic fat deposition compared to wild-type and Ppargtm1Avb homozygotes but not as severe as in Lepob homozygotes
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• decrease in triacylglyceride levels and increase in reactive lipid species levels
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• at 6 weeks
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• increased compared to Lepob homozygotes
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Mouse Genome Database (MGD), Gene Expression Database (GXD), Mouse Models of Human Cancer database (MMHCdb) (formerly Mouse Tumor Biology (MTB)), Gene Ontology (GO) |
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last database update 04/23/2024 MGI 6.23 |
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