cellular
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show molecular changes in K5, K14, K1, and K10 that are consistent with a defect in the basal to spinous keratinocyte transition
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show a significant increase in the numbers of BrdU positive S-phase cells in the IFE and ORS keratinocytes relative to controls
• a 4.7-fold increase is noted in BrdU positive basal S-phase keratinocytes
• a ~27-fold increase is noted in in BrdU positive suprabasal S-phase keratinocytes
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• in 4OHT-treated mutant mice, sebaceous glands contain abnormal looking sebocytes that appear undifferentiated, show reduced cytoplasmic volume, and lack clear fine vacuolation supportive of lipid accumulation
• affected glands show increased cellular density with more closely apposed nuclei and the cells are morphologically similar to reserve undifferentiated cells
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show marked atrophy of preputial gland lobules and reduced numbers of clear finely vacuolated sebocytes
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• in 4OHT-treated mutant mice, sebaceous glands contain abnormal looking sebocytes that appear undifferentiated
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice exhibit loss of morphologically distinct differentiated sebocytes in the sebaceous, Meibomian, and preputial glands
• in 4OHT-treated mutant mice, sebaceous gland lobules associated with hair follicles fail to stain with Oil Red O indicating the absence of sebum and terminally differentiated sebocytes
• sebocyte differentiation is blocked as determined by reduced expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase and melanocortin 5 receptor, two markers of terminal sebocyte differentiation
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display hyperplasia of the Meibomian ducts
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display atrophic Meibomian glands with greatly reduced lobule size and reduced numbers of differentiated sebocytes with clear vacuolated cytoplasm
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice exhibit lack of sebum production
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integument
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show a significant increase in the numbers of BrdU positive S-phase cells in the IFE and ORS keratinocytes relative to controls
• a 4.7-fold increase is noted in BrdU positive basal S-phase keratinocytes
• a ~27-fold increase is noted in in BrdU positive suprabasal S-phase keratinocytes
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• in 4OHT-treated mutant mice, sebaceous glands contain abnormal looking sebocytes that appear undifferentiated, show reduced cytoplasmic volume, and lack clear fine vacuolation supportive of lipid accumulation
• affected glands show increased cellular density with more closely apposed nuclei and the cells are morphologically similar to reserve undifferentiated cells
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show marked atrophy of preputial gland lobules and reduced numbers of clear finely vacuolated sebocytes
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• in 4OHT-treated mutant mice, sebaceous glands contain abnormal looking sebocytes that appear undifferentiated
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice exhibit loss of morphologically distinct differentiated sebocytes in the sebaceous, Meibomian, and preputial glands
• in 4OHT-treated mutant mice, sebaceous gland lobules associated with hair follicles fail to stain with Oil Red O indicating the absence of sebum and terminally differentiated sebocytes
• sebocyte differentiation is blocked as determined by reduced expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase and melanocortin 5 receptor, two markers of terminal sebocyte differentiation
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display hyperplasia of the Meibomian ducts
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display atrophic Meibomian glands with greatly reduced lobule size and reduced numbers of differentiated sebocytes with clear vacuolated cytoplasm
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice exhibit lack of sebum production
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display focal and regional areas of moderate to severe hyperplasia of the follicular infundibular epithelium and the infundibular outer root sheath (ORS) keratinocytes
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display hyperplasia of the infundibular outer root sheath (ORS) keratinocytes
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show defects in epidermal stratified squamous differentiation
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show molecular changes in K5, K14, K1, and K10 that are consistent with a defect in the basal to spinous keratinocyte transition
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display a dysplastic, disorganized basal layer with highly abnormal variations in cell and nucleus size
• a 4.7-fold increase is noted in BrdU positive basal S-phase keratinocytes relative to controls
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display a significantly thickened stratum corneum
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display low levels of parakeratosis
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display a dysplastic, disorganized spinous layer with highly abnormal variations in cell and nucleus size
• K10, an early marker of the spinous layer and of the basal to spinous transition is significantly reduced
• K1, another early marker of the spinous layer, is delayed in its expression and instead of being expressed in the layer adjacent to the basal cell layer, K1 is not expressed until ~2-3 layers of cells above the basal layers
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• a ~27-fold increase is noted in in BrdU positive suprabasal S-phase keratinocytes relative to controls
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display hyperplasia of the interfollicular epidemis (IFE) with a significant increase in the number of nucleated epidermal cell layers; focal areas of hyperplasia are detected as early as 4 days and become more extensive and severe at 8, 12, and 18 days after start of 4OHT treatment
• severe regional epidermal hyperplasia of the haired skin eyelid epidermis is observed
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renal/urinary system
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show marked atrophy of preputial gland lobules and reduced numbers of clear finely vacuolated sebocytes
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reproductive system
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show marked atrophy of preputial gland lobules and reduced numbers of clear finely vacuolated sebocytes
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vision/eye
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice exhibit dry, swollen, and partially closed eyes
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display hyperplasia of the Meibomian ducts
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• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display atrophic Meibomian glands with greatly reduced lobule size and reduced numbers of differentiated sebocytes with clear vacuolated cytoplasm
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Analysis Tools