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Allele Symbol Allele Name Allele ID |
Tg(Ins2-cre)1Heed transgene insertion 1, Helena Edlund MGI:3603309 |
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| Summary |
7 genotypes
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• alpha cells are increased in number
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• 81% of mice have alpha cells in the center of the islet
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• about 22% of islet cells coexpress insulin and glucagon
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• the number of glucagon+ cells is increased to 33% compared to 15% in wild-type mice resulting in about a 1:1 ratio of insulin+ to glucagon+ cells rather than the normal 5:1 ratio
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• at 18 weeks of age the number of insulin+ cells is reduced by about 40% and only 17% of these cells coexpress IPF1
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• glucagon+ cells are more evenly distributed within the islet rather than being confined to the periphery as in wild-type mice
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• pancreatic total insulin content is about 10% that of wild-type
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• at 3 - 5 months of age blood glucose levels are significantly elevated
• insulin treatment transiently reduced glucose levels to normal levels
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• at 3 - 5 months of age urine glucose levels are significantly elevated
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• at 3 - 5 months of age urine glucose levels are significantly elevated
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• derived cells have fewer projections
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• derived cell lines exhibit decreased binding to collagen IV
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• more derived tumor cells are arrested in G0/G1 than in Itgb1tm1Ref Tg(RIP1-Tag)2Dh controls
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• cultured cells die within a week after plating compared to Itgb1tm1Ref Tg(RIP1-Tag)2Dh derived cells
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• more derived tumor cells are arrested in G0/G1 than in Itgb1tm1Ref Tg(RIP1-Tag)2Dh controls
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• when derived cell lines are injected into nu/nu mice, metastatic nodules from do not form in the lungs and or liver as they do in wild-type mice
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• 60% of mice have an increase in the number of disseminated tumor cell emboli within lymphatic vessels near tumors compared to 7.7% in Itgb1tm1Ref Tg(RIP1-Tag)2Dh mice
• however, no metastasis is detected in mice with tumors
• tumor volume is reduced compared to that in Itgb1tm1Ref Tg(RIP1-Tag)2Dh mice
• tumor cell proliferation is significantly reduced and apoptotic rate is reduced compared to Itgb1tm1Ref Tg(RIP1-Tag)2Dh mice
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• heterozygous mutants develop islet tumors later than homozygous mutants
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• heterozygous mutants develop islet tumors later than homozygous mutants
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• abnormally large islets with pleomorphic cells of variable size and shape are seen at 20 weeks of age
• in 60 week old mutants islet volume has increased 7-fold
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• adenomas are detected by 30 weeks of age
• 3 of 26 homozygous floxed mutants had adenomas by the date of the scheduled autopsy and tumor incidence in homozygous mutants correlates to the level of Cre expression for the different cre transgenes
• a mild sex bias is seen with 2 of 13 virgin females developing adenomas compared to 1 of 13 males
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• fasting blood glucose levels are decreased
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• fasting serum insulin levels are increased
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• adenomas are detected by 30 weeks of age
• 3 of 26 homozygous floxed mutants had adenomas by the date of the scheduled autopsy and tumor incidence in homozygous mutants correlates to the level of Cre expression for the different cre transgenes
• a mild sex bias is seen with 2 of 13 virgin females developing adenomas compared to 1 of 13 males
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• the number of somatostatin+ delta cells is decreased to 7% and 3% of the islets cells in female and male homozygotes, respectively, compared to 13% and 9% in female and male wild-type mice
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• when islets are incubated in vitro in a high glucose solution levels of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion are significantly decreased
• at 3 months of age 15 minutes after an injection of glucose insulin levels are not increased unlike in control mice
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• serum C-peptide levels are increased at 3 and 12 months of age suggesting an increase in beta cell insulin release
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• when islets are incubated in vitro in a high glucose solution levels of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion are significantly decreased
• at 3 months of age 15 minutes after an injection of glucose insulin levels are not increased unlike in control mice
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• serum C-peptide levels are increased at 3 and 12 months of age suggesting an increase in beta cell insulin release
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• at 12 months but not at 3 months of age, fasting blood glucose levels are decreased
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• at 12 months but not at 3 months of age, basal insulin levels are increased
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• at 12 months but not at 3 months of age, the increase in serum glucose levels is much greater and the increase in serum insulin levels is decreased compared to wild-type mice
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• at 3 months of age after insulin injection blood glucose and insulin levels return to normal levels sooner than in control mice
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• similar to Itgb1tm1Ref Tg(Ins2-cre)1Heed Tg(RIP1-Tag)2Dh, mice exhibit reduced tumor burden and increased tumor cell embolization in the lymphatics
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Mouse Genome Database (MGD), Gene Expression Database (GXD), Mouse Models of Human Cancer database (MMHCdb) (formerly Mouse Tumor Biology (MTB)), Gene Ontology (GO) |
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last database update 05/07/2024 MGI 6.23 |
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