Phenotypes associated with this allele
Allelic
Composition |
Tcof1tm1Mjd/Tcof1+
|
|
Genetic
Background |
involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * BALB/c |
|
| Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Tcof1tm1Mjd mutation
(0 available);
any
Tcof1 mutation
(106 available)
|
|
|
mortality/aging
|
N |
• Background Sensitivity: non-exencephalic mice (71 of 76) are viable with a normal lifespan
|
nervous system
|
N |
• Background Sensitivity: no abnormalities are seen in the cranial or dorsal root ganglia unlike in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6 or CBA/Ca
|
|
|
• in 5 of 76 mice at E9 or older
• Background Sensitivity: decreased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6, C3H/HeN, or CBA/Ca
|
reproductive system
|
N |
• non-exencephalic mice (71 of 76) are fertile
|
behavior/neurological
|
N |
• Background Sensitivity: flexion of the spine or abnormal posture is not seen unlike in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6, CBA/Ca, or C3H/HeN
|
embryo
|
N |
• Background Sensitivity: no abnormalities are seen in the neural crest migration unlike in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6 or CBA/Ca
|
limbs/digits/tail
|
N |
• Background Sensitivity: no digit abnormalities are seen unlike in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6 or CBA/Ca
|
skeleton
|
N |
• Background Sensitivity: unlike in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6 or CBA/Ca hypoplasia of the mandible/maxilla and fusions of the cervical or thoracic vertebrae are not seen
• Background Sensitivity: unlike in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6, CBA/Ca, or DBA/1 rib fusions are not seen
• Background Sensitivity: ossification delay of the long bones is not seen in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6, C3H/HeN, DBA/1 or BALB/c unlike mice on a mixed background containing CBA/Ca
|
vision/eye
|
N |
• Background Sensitivity: unlike in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6 or CBA/Ca anophthalmia or microphthalmia are not seen
|
Allelic
Composition |
Tcof1tm1Mjd/Tcof1+
|
|
Genetic
Background |
involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C3H/HeN |
|
| Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Tcof1tm1Mjd mutation
(0 available);
any
Tcof1 mutation
(106 available)
|
|
|
nervous system
|
N |
• Background Sensitivity: no abnormalities are seen in the cranial or dorsal root ganglia unlike in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6 or CBA/Ca
|
|
|
• in 26 of 29 mice at E9 or older
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing DBA/1 or BALB/c
|
behavior/neurological
|
|
• flexion of the spine or abnormal posture in 1 of 7 mice
|
vision/eye
|
|
• exopthalmia or small orbits in all embryos
|
|
|
• exopthalmia or small orbits in all embryos
|
embryo
|
N |
• Background Sensitivity: no abnormalities are seen in the neural crest migration unlike in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6 or CBA/Ca
|
craniofacial
|
N |
• Background Sensitivity: no nasal complex abnormalities are seen unlike in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6 or CBA/Ca
|
|
|
• exopthalmia or small orbits in all embryos
|
growth/size/body
|
N |
• Background Sensitivity: do not display developmental display unlike mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6 or CBA/Ca
|
limbs/digits/tail
|
N |
• Background Sensitivity: no digit abnormalities are seen unlike in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6 or CBA/Ca
|
skeleton
|
N |
• Background Sensitivity: unlike in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6 or CBA/Ca hypoplasia of the mandible/maxilla and fusions of the cervical or thoracic vertebrae are not seen
• Background Sensitivity: unlike in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6, CBA/Ca, or DBA/1 rib fusions are not seen
• Background Sensitivity: ossification delay of the long bones is not seen in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6, C3H/HeN, DBA/1 or BALB/c unlike mice on a mixed background containing CBA/Ca
|
|
|
• exopthalmia or small orbits in all embryos
|
Allelic
Composition |
Tcof1tm1Mjd/Tcof1+
|
|
Genetic
Background |
involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 |
|
| Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Tcof1tm1Mjd mutation
(0 available);
any
Tcof1 mutation
(106 available)
|
|
|
mortality/aging
|
|
• newborn heterozygotes are exencephalic, fail to establish an airway, and die shortly after birth
|
craniofacial
|
|
• as early as E8, heterozygotes exhibit major craniofacial defects, not attributable solely to a developmental delay
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• heterozygous skulls are grossly malformed
|
|
|
• with the exception of the supraoccipital, the bones of the skull vault are absent
|
|
|
• the zygomatic arch is hypoplastic and misshapen
|
|
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• at E14.5 and E18, the mandibular component of the first arch is smaller
|
|
|
• at E14.5 and E18, the mandibular component of the first arch is shorter
|
|
|
• at E12.5, heterozygotes show severe retrognathia of the middle third of the face
|
|
|
• hypoplasia of the mandible/maxilla in all mice at E9 or older
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing DBA/1, C3H/HeN, or BALB/c
|
|
|
• the middle ear ossicles are hypoplastic and misshapen
|
|
|
• at E9.5, heterozygous frontonasal processes are markedly hypoplastic
|
|
|
• by E10.5, heterozygotes fail to develop either medial or lateral nasal processes
|
|
|
• at E14.5 and E18, the maxillary component of the first arch is less distinct and displaced rostrally, and is hypoplastic
|
|
|
• by E10.5, heterozygotes fail to develop either medial or lateral nasal processes
|
|
|
• the nasal capsule is extremely dysmorphic with a midline cartilaginous protrusion
|
|
|
• at E12.5, heterozygotes fail to develop nasal pits
|
|
|
• at E14.5, while the secondary palate of wild-type mice have elevated and fused, heterozygous palatal shelves appear severely disorganized and displaced
• however, incisor and molar tooth germs appear to develop normally
|
|
|
• heterozygotes display an underdeveloped first pharyngeal arch resulting in the formation of a rudimentary upper lip
|
|
|
• at E12.5, heterozygotes display only a rudimentary upper lip
|
|
|
• midline nasal spear present in place of the septum in 4 of 4 embryos
|
respiratory system
|
|
• the nasal capsule is extremely dysmorphic with a midline cartilaginous protrusion
|
|
|
• at E12.5, heterozygotes fail to develop nasal pits
|
|
|
• midline nasal spear present in place of the septum in 4 of 4 embryos
|
|
|
• newborn heterozygotes fail to establish an airway, due to absence of nasal passages
|
skeleton
|
N |
• Background Sensitivity: ossification delay of the long bones is not seen in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6, C3H/HeN, DBA/1 or BALB/c unlike mice on a mixed background containing CBA/Ca
|
|
|
• heterozygous skulls are grossly malformed
|
|
|
• with the exception of the supraoccipital, the bones of the skull vault are absent
|
|
|
• the zygomatic arch is hypoplastic and misshapen
|
|
|
• at E14.5 and E18, the mandibular component of the first arch is smaller
|
|
|
• at E14.5 and E18, the mandibular component of the first arch is shorter
|
|
|
• at E12.5, heterozygotes show severe retrognathia of the middle third of the face
|
|
|
• hypoplasia of the mandible/maxilla in all mice at E9 or older
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing DBA/1, C3H/HeN, or BALB/c
|
|
|
• the middle ear ossicles are hypoplastic and misshapen
|
|
|
• the nasal capsule is extremely dysmorphic with a midline cartilaginous protrusion
|
|
|
• fusions of the cervical or thoracic vertebrae in 4 of 14 mice
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing DBA/1, C3H/HeN, or BALB/c
|
vision/eye
|
|
• at E8.5, heterozygotes display absence of the optic evagination
|
|
|
• by E14.5, heterozygotes exhibit anophthalmia
(J:62928)
• in all embryos
(J:89223)
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing DBA/1 or BALB/c
(J:89223)
|
nervous system
|
|
• at E8.5, elevated levels of cell death, particularly in the cephalic neural folds and neural tube
• level of apoptosis remains high throughout E9.0 to E9.5, particularly in the post-fusion neural tube
|
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• at E9.0, most heterozygotes display a delay in the closure of the rostral neuropore resulting in exencephaly
|
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• at E10.5, only a few heterozygotes succeed in closing their rostral neuropore but still display brain hypoplasia
|
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• at E10.5, heterozygotes show a severely compromised midbrain development
|
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• at E12.5, heterozygotes display a severely disorganized forebrain
|
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• at E10.5, the entrance to Rathke's pouch is visible but smaller
|
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• at E9.5, heterozygotes show no evidence of division of the forebrain into telencephalic or optic vesicles
|
|
|
• at E10.5, most heterozygotes exhibit exencephaly with neuroepithelium protruding through the open rostral neuropore
(J:62928)
• in all mice at E9 or older
(J:89223)
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing DBA/1 or BALB/c
(J:89223)
|
|
|
• at E10.5, the neural crest cell-derived cranial ganglia are severely hypoplastic
(J:62928)
• abnormal or hypoplastic in 11 of 11 mice
(J:89223)
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing DBA/1, C3H/HeN, or BALB/c
(J:89223)
|
|
|
• at E10.5, the glossopharyngeal ganglia/nerves are absent
|
|
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• at E10.5, the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve is absent
|
|
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• abnormal or hypoplastic in 11 of 11 mice
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing DBA/1, C3H/HeN, or BALB/c
|
|
|
• at E10.5, the dorsal root ganglia are underdeveloped and severely disorganized
|
embryo
|
|
• in 11 of 11 mice
• Background Sensitivity: not seen in mice on a mixed background containing C3H/HeN, DBA/1 or BALB/c
|
|
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• heterozygotes display an underdeveloped first pharyngeal arch resulting in the formation of a rudimentary upper lip
|
|
|
• at E9.0, heterozygotes exhibit delayed axial turning relative to wild-type counterparts
|
|
|
• at >E8, heterozygotes display a generalized developmental delay of ~0.5-1 day that persists throughout development
|
|
|
• at E8.5, heterozygotes display smaller, rounded neural folds
|
|
|
• at E9.0, most heterozygotes display a delay in the closure of the rostral neuropore resulting in exencephaly
|
|
|
• at E10.5, only a few heterozygotes succeed in closing their rostral neuropore but still display brain hypoplasia
|
growth/size/body
|
|
• the nasal capsule is extremely dysmorphic with a midline cartilaginous protrusion
|
|
|
• at E14.5, while the secondary palate of wild-type mice have elevated and fused, heterozygous palatal shelves appear severely disorganized and displaced
• however, incisor and molar tooth germs appear to develop normally
|
|
|
• at E12.5, heterozygotes display only a rudimentary upper lip
|
|
|
• midline nasal spear present in place of the septum in 4 of 4 embryos
|
|
|
• developmental delay in all mice at E8 or older
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing DBA/1, C3H/HeN, or BALB/c
|
|
|
• at >E8, heterozygotes display a generalized developmental delay of ~0.5-1 day that persists throughout development
|
hearing/vestibular/ear
|
|
• the middle ear ossicles are hypoplastic and misshapen
|
|
|
• at E12.5, heterozygotes display smaller otocysts
|
|
|
• the tympanic ring is misshapen and misplaced
|
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• the tympanic ring is hypoplastic
|
digestive/alimentary system
|
|
• at E14.5, while the secondary palate of wild-type mice have elevated and fused, heterozygous palatal shelves appear severely disorganized and displaced
• however, incisor and molar tooth germs appear to develop normally
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
|
|
• at E10.5, the entrance to Rathke's pouch is visible but smaller
|
behavior/neurological
|
|
• flexion of the spine or abnormal posture in 3 of 14 mice
|
cellular
|
|
• at E8.5, elevated levels of cell death, particularly in the cephalic neural folds and neural tube
• level of apoptosis remains high throughout E9.0 to E9.5, particularly in the post-fusion neural tube
|
|
|
• in 11 of 11 mice
• Background Sensitivity: not seen in mice on a mixed background containing C3H/HeN, DBA/1 or BALB/c
|
limbs/digits/tail
|
|
• seen in 7 of 42 embryos at age E13 or older
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing DBA/1, C3H/HeN, or BALB/c
|
Allelic
Composition |
Tcof1tm1Mjd/Tcof1+
|
|
Genetic
Background |
involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * DBA/1 |
|
| Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Tcof1tm1Mjd mutation
(0 available);
any
Tcof1 mutation
(106 available)
|
|
|
Analysis of Tcof1tm1Mjd/Tcof1+ embryos
mortality/aging
|
|
• on a mixed C57BL/6 x DBA genetic background, heterozygotes die within 24 hrs of birth from respiratory arrest
• Background Sensitivity: on a congenic DBA genetic background, heterozygosity is compatible with postnatal life
|
craniofacial
|
|
• heterozygotes exhibit severe midfacial anomalies characteristic of severe cases of Treacher Collins syndrome in humans
|
|
|
• at E17.5, heterozygotes display a dysmorphic temporal bone
|
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• at E17.5, heterozygotes display a dysmorphic frontal bone
|
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• at E17.5, heterozygotes display a dysmorphic maxilla
|
|
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• at E17.5, heterozygotes display a dysmorphic premaxilla
|
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• at E17.5, heterozygotes display a dysmorphic nasal bone
|
|
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• at E17.5, heterozygotes display dysmorphic palatine bones
|
|
|
• at E14.5, heterozygotes lack nasal conchae
|
|
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• at E17.5, heterozygotes display a domed cranial vault
|
|
|
• at E14.5, palatal shelves display absence of complete midline fusion
|
|
|
• at E17.5, heterozygotes display cleft palate
|
|
|
• neonatal heterozygotes display severe frontonasal dysplasia
• at E14.5, nasal passages are poorly formed
|
|
|
• at E14.5, heterozygotes lack a nasal septum
|
|
|
• neonatal heterozygotes exhibit a shortened head in the anteroposterior direction
|
skeleton
|
|
• at E17.5, heterozygotes display a dysmorphic temporal bone
|
|
|
• at E17.5, heterozygotes display a dysmorphic frontal bone
|
|
|
• at E17.5, heterozygotes display a dysmorphic maxilla
|
|
|
• at E17.5, heterozygotes display a dysmorphic premaxilla
|
|
|
• at E17.5, heterozygotes display a dysmorphic nasal bone
|
|
|
• at E17.5, heterozygotes display dysmorphic palatine bones
|
|
|
• at E14.5, heterozygotes lack nasal conchae
|
|
|
• at E17.5, heterozygotes display a domed cranial vault
|
respiratory system
|
|
• at E17.5, heterozygotes display a dysmorphic nasal bone
|
|
|
• at E14.5, heterozygotes lack nasal conchae
|
|
|
• neonatal heterozygotes display severe frontonasal dysplasia
• at E14.5, nasal passages are poorly formed
|
|
|
• at E14.5, heterozygotes lack a nasal septum
|
|
|
• neonatal heterozygotes display gasping behavior
|
|
|
• newborn heterozygotes exhibit respiratory arrest due to defects in the nasal, premaxilla, maxilla, and palatine elements
|
nervous system
|
|
• at E8-E9.5, heterozygotes display a significantly high level of neuroepithelial-specific apoptosis, that is largely confined to the neural plate
|
|
|
• heterozygotes exhibit a significantly thinner neural plate during neural crest cell induction (E8.75)
|
|
|
• NCC hypoplasia is due to defects in NCC formation and proliferation, is a direct consequence of neuroepithelial-specific apoptosis, and results in hypoplasia of the cranial sensory ganglia and skeletal elements
|
|
|
• at E10.5, cranial sensory ganglia are formed in appropriate axial locations but appear significantly smaller and disorganized
|
|
|
• in culture, E8.5-E9.0 heterozygotes show a significant reduction of cell proliferation in the neural plate and neural crest
• increased apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation is caused by deficient production of mature ribosomes in the neuroepithelium and neural crest
|
digestive/alimentary system
|
|
• at E14.5, palatal shelves display absence of complete midline fusion
|
|
|
• at E17.5, heterozygotes display cleft palate
|
growth/size/body
|
|
• at E17.5, heterozygotes display a dysmorphic nasal bone
|
|
|
• at E14.5, heterozygotes lack nasal conchae
|
|
|
• at E14.5, palatal shelves display absence of complete midline fusion
|
|
|
• at E17.5, heterozygotes display cleft palate
|
|
|
• neonatal heterozygotes display severe frontonasal dysplasia
• at E14.5, nasal passages are poorly formed
|
|
|
• at E14.5, heterozygotes lack a nasal septum
|
|
|
• neonatal heterozygotes exhibit a shortened head in the anteroposterior direction
|
|
|
• neonatal heterozygotes display a reduction in the size of the head
|
|
|
• neonatal heterozygotes show abdominal distension
|
cellular
|
|
• at E8-E9.5, heterozygotes display a significantly high level of neuroepithelial-specific apoptosis, that is largely confined to the neural plate
|
|
|
• at E9.5, fewer migrating NCCs from r2 and r4 populate the first branchial arch and second branchial arch, respectively
• at E10.5, heterozygotes show ~22% fewer migrating cranial NCCs in craniofacial mesenchyme relative to wild-type mice
|
|
|
• NCC hypoplasia is due to defects in NCC formation and proliferation, is a direct consequence of neuroepithelial-specific apoptosis
|
embryo
|
|
• at E9.5, fewer migrating NCCs from r2 and r4 populate the first branchial arch and second branchial arch, respectively
• at E10.5, heterozygotes show ~22% fewer migrating cranial NCCs in craniofacial mesenchyme relative to wild-type mice
|
|
|
• NCC hypoplasia is due to defects in NCC formation and proliferation, is a direct consequence of neuroepithelial-specific apoptosis
|
|
|
• heterozygotes exhibit a significantly thinner neural plate during neural crest cell induction (E8.75)
|
|
|
• NCC hypoplasia is due to defects in NCC formation and proliferation, is a direct consequence of neuroepithelial-specific apoptosis, and results in hypoplasia of the cranial sensory ganglia and skeletal elements
|
Allelic
Composition |
Tcof1tm1Mjd/Tcof1+
|
|
Genetic
Background |
involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * CBA/Ca |
|
| Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Tcof1tm1Mjd mutation
(0 available);
any
Tcof1 mutation
(106 available)
|
|
|
nervous system
|
|
• in 31 of 33 mice at E9 or older
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing DBA/1 or BALB/c
|
|
|
• abnormal or hypoplastic in 6 of 6 mice
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing DBA/1, C3H/HeN, or BALB/c
|
|
|
• abnormal or hypoplastic in 6 of 6 mice
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing DBA/1, C3H/HeN, or BALB/c
|
behavior/neurological
vision/eye
|
|
• unilateral anophthalmia or microphthalmia in all embryos
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing DBA/1, C3H/HeN, or BALB/c
|
embryo
|
|
• in 6 of 6 mice
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing DBA/1, C3H/HeN, or BALB/c
|
craniofacial
|
|
• hypoplasia of the mandible/maxilla in all mice at E9 or older
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing DBA/1, C3H/HeN, or BALB/c
|
|
|
• midline nasal spear present in place of the septum in 4 of 4 embryos
• increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing C3H/HeN or BALB/c
|
growth/size/body
|
|
• midline nasal spear present in place of the septum in 4 of 4 embryos
• increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing C3H/HeN or BALB/c
|
|
|
• developmental delay in all mice at E8 or older
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing DBA/1, C3H/HeN or BALB/c
|
limbs/digits/tail
|
|
• seen in 9 of 15 embryos at age E13 or older
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing DBA/1, C3H/HeN, or BALB/c
|
skeleton
|
|
• hypoplasia of the mandible/maxilla in all mice at E9 or older
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing DBA/1, C3H/HeN, or BALB/c
|
|
|
• in 4 of 4 mice
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing C3H/HeN or BALB/c
|
|
|
• fusions of the cervical or thoracic vertebrae in 4 of 4 mice
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing C3H/HeN or BALB/c
|
|
|
• delayed ossification of the long bones in 7 of 7 mice
• Background Sensitivity: ossification delay is not seen in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6, C3H/HeN, DBA/1 or BALB/c
|
cellular
|
|
• in 6 of 6 mice
• Background Sensitivity: increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing DBA/1, C3H/HeN, or BALB/c
|
respiratory system
|
|
• midline nasal spear present in place of the septum in 4 of 4 embryos
• increased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing C3H/HeN or BALB/c
|
Allelic
Composition |
Tcof1tm1Mjd/Tcof1+
|
|
Genetic
Background |
involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * DBA/1 |
|
| Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Tcof1tm1Mjd mutation
(0 available);
any
Tcof1 mutation
(106 available)
|
|
|
mortality/aging
|
N |
• non-exencephalic mice (71 of 76) are viable with a normal lifespan
|
nervous system
|
N |
• Background Sensitivity: no abnormalities are seen in the cranial or dorsal root ganglia unlike in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6 or CBA/Ca
|
|
|
• in 5 of 76 mice at E9 or older
• Background Sensitivity: decreased incidence compared to mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6, C3H/HeN, or CBA/Ca
|
reproductive system
|
N |
• non-exencephalic mice (71 of 76) are fertile
|
behavior/neurological
|
N |
• Background Sensitivity: flexion of the spine or abnormal posture is not seen unlike in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6, CBA/Ca, or C3H/HeN
|
embryo
|
N |
• Background Sensitivity: no abnormalities are seen in the neural crest migration unlike in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6 or CBA/Ca
|
limbs/digits/tail
|
N |
• Background Sensitivity: no digit abnormalities are seen unlike in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6 or CBA/Ca
|
skeleton
|
N |
• Background Sensitivity: unlike in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6 or CBA/Ca hypoplasia of the mandible/maxilla and fusions of the cervical or thoracic vertebrae are not seen
• Background Sensitivity: unlike in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6, CBA/Ca, or DBA/1 rib fusions are not seen
• Background Sensitivity: ossification delay of the long bones is not seen in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6, C3H/HeN, DBA/1 or BALB/c unlike mice on a mixed background containing CBA/Ca
|
vision/eye
|
N |
• Background Sensitivity: unlike in mice on a mixed background containing C57BL/6 or CBA/Ca anophthalmia or microphthalmia are not seen
|
Analysis Tools