Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• homozygous mutant embryos die at ~E10.5; no homozygotes survive after E11.5
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embryo
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• at E9.75, ~80% of mutant embryos are still in the process of turning within the amnion; more advanced embryos exhibit an intact allantois and completion of turning
• at this stage, neurulation proceeds unaffected and a notochord is clearly visible
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• at E9.75, most homozygotes show an ~50% reduction in the length of anterior-posterior axis relative to wild-type
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• at E9.75, homozygous mutant embryos are still viable but are about half the size of wild-type embryos
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• at E9.75, the mutant neural tube is closed but generally smaller than wild-type
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• at E9.75, underdeveloped mutants exhibit only 10-12 somite pairs; the most advanced mutant embryos exhibit 20 somite pairs
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• at E9.75, normal chorioallantoic fusion is observed; however, the mutant allantois contains numerous pycnotic cells at the point of contact with the chorion, in the absence of blood cells
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• at E9.75 and E10.5, homozygotes show complete absence of blood islands with no circulating erythroid cells in the vessels of their yolk sacs
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pale yolk sac
(
J:19175
)
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• at E9.75 and E10.5, mutant yolk sacs are much paler than wild-type yolk sacs
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• at E9.75 and E10.5, mutant yolk sacs are smaller than wild-type
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• at E9.75, homozygous embryos exhibit a specific failure of erythroid development within the yolk sac mesoderm
• in vitro, yolk-sac tissue from homozygous mutants as well as sequentially targeted double-null ES cells display a block in erythroid differentiation
• at E9.75 and E10.5, homozygotes show defective primitive yolk-sac derived erythropoiesis with complete absence of circulating nucleated red blood cells in the embryo body
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growth/size/body
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• at E9.75, homozygous mutant embryos are still viable but are about half the size of wild-type embryos
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cardiovascular system
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• at E9.75, the mutant dorsal aortae are devoid of circulating blood cells and smaller than wild-type
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• notably, heart contraction is detected up to E10.5 and heart development appears normal with myocardium, endocardium and cardiac jelly present
• at E9.75 and E10.5, mutant pericardial sacs appear to become fluid-filled and dilated
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nervous system
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• at E9.75, the mutant neural tube is closed but generally smaller than wild-type
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cellular
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• at E9.75, homozygotes exhibit increased cell death (i.e. numerous pycnotic cells) in the mesenchyme of the head and the allantois
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hematopoietic system
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• at E9.75, homozygous embryos exhibit a specific failure of erythroid development within the yolk sac mesoderm
• in vitro, yolk-sac tissue from homozygous mutants as well as sequentially targeted double-null ES cells display a block in erythroid differentiation
• at E9.75 and E10.5, homozygotes show defective primitive yolk-sac derived erythropoiesis with complete absence of circulating nucleated red blood cells in the embryo body
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integument
