Phenotypes associated with this allele
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Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Tcf21tm2Eno mutation
(0 available);
any
Tcf21 mutation
(14 available)
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mortality/aging
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• homozygotes are born alive but die within 5-10 min after birth
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homeostasis/metabolism
respiratory system
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• mutant lung epithelia fail to undergo branching morphogenesis
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• mutant lungs are severely hypoplastic
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• homozygotes show absence of respiratory alveoli
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• newborn homozygotes have difficulty in breathing and display gasping motions
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hematopoietic system
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• splenic precursors are specified, as shown by normal expression of early markers of spleen development in the splenic anlage at E12.5; however, the mutant splenic anlage fails to expand and, in its absence, the splenic primordium undergoes apoptotic cell death
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• newborn homozygotes display complete absence of a spleen
• in contrast, the stomach and pancreas are properly located
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renal/urinary system
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• homozygotes display atrophic kidney glomeruli
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• mutant kidneys are severely hypoplastic
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• mutant kidney epithelia fail to undergo branching morphogenesis
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immune system
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• splenic precursors are specified, as shown by normal expression of early markers of spleen development in the splenic anlage at E12.5; however, the mutant splenic anlage fails to expand and, in its absence, the splenic primordium undergoes apoptotic cell death
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• newborn homozygotes display complete absence of a spleen
• in contrast, the stomach and pancreas are properly located
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integument
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• homozygotes become pale shortly after birth
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Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Tcf21tm2Eno mutation
(0 available);
any
Tcf21 mutation
(14 available)
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cardiovascular system
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• regions of epicardial detachment are noted around midgestation
• at E13.5 and later, mutants have fewer Tcf21-positive interstitial cells with no significant changes in apoptosis or cell proliferation, suggesting defective migration of epicardial cells into the myocardium (epicardial EMT defects)
• epicardial-derived cells form coronary vascular smooth muscle cells but do not form cardiac fibroblasts; this leads to extracellular matrix (ECM) deficiencies in mutant hearts (lower concentrations of some ECM proteins)
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• reduced myocardial thickness
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• absence of a distinct heart apex
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• embryonic heart is dysmorphic and lacks distinct apex
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• embryos have blood in pericardial cavity, observed at E17.5 and later
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homeostasis/metabolism
muscle
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• reduced myocardial thickness
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Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Msctm1Eno mutation
(1 available);
any
Msc mutation
(11 available)
Tcf21tm2Eno mutation
(0 available);
any
Tcf21 mutation
(14 available)
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mortality/aging
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• double homozygotes are born alive, but similar to single Tcf21tm2Eno homozygotes, they die within minutes after birth
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muscle
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• most double homozygotes show a complete absence of the major muscles of mastication, not observed in either single homozygote
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• most double homozygotes show a complete absence of the masseter muscle
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• atrophic pterygoid myofibers are found to persist unilaterally in a subset of double homozygotes
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• most double homozygotes show a complete absence of the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
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• most double homozygotes show a complete absence of the temporalis muscle
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• at E10.5, TUNEL labeling indicates that first branchial arch muscle precursor cells undergo apoptosis resulting in ablation of masticatory muscles
• notably, other first arch-derived muscles, e.g. the anterior digastric and mylohyoid, which do not function in mastication, are present and trunk muscles appear unaffected
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• double homozygotes exhibit diaphragmatic hernia with visceral organs being displaced into the chest
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craniofacial
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• most double homozygotes show a complete absence of the major muscles of mastication, not observed in either single homozygote
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• most double homozygotes show a complete absence of the masseter muscle
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• atrophic pterygoid myofibers are found to persist unilaterally in a subset of double homozygotes
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• most double homozygotes show a complete absence of the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
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• most double homozygotes show a complete absence of the temporalis muscle
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• double homozygotes exhibit cleft palate
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• palatal shelves do not elevate or elevate unilaterally (Fig. 3c)
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digestive/alimentary system
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• double homozygotes exhibit cleft palate
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• palatal shelves do not elevate or elevate unilaterally (Fig. 3c)
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growth/size/body
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• most double homozygotes show a complete absence of the major muscles of mastication, not observed in either single homozygote
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• most double homozygotes show a complete absence of the masseter muscle
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• atrophic pterygoid myofibers are found to persist unilaterally in a subset of double homozygotes
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• most double homozygotes show a complete absence of the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
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• most double homozygotes show a complete absence of the temporalis muscle
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• double homozygotes exhibit cleft palate
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• palatal shelves do not elevate or elevate unilaterally (Fig. 3c)
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Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Msctm1Eno mutation
(1 available);
any
Msc mutation
(11 available)
Tcf21tm2Eno mutation
(0 available);
any
Tcf21 mutation
(14 available)
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muscle
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• unlike double homozygotes, mice heterozygous for Msctm1Eno and homozygous for Tcf21tm2Eno exhibit no morphological defects in first branchial arch-derived masticatory skeletal muscles
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Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Msctm1Eno mutation
(1 available);
any
Msc mutation
(11 available)
Tcf21tm2Eno mutation
(0 available);
any
Tcf21 mutation
(14 available)
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normal phenotype
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• unlike double homozygotes, mice homozygous for Msctm1Eno and heterozygous for Tcf21tm2Eno are viable and exhibit no morphological defects in first branchial arch-derived masticatory skeletal muscles
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