mortality/aging
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• most mice died within 15 weeks of birth
(J:42054)
• die at 6 - 7 weeks of age when fed a 0.02% calcium diet
(J:69822)
|
craniofacial
growth/size/body
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• weigh about 50% of wild-type at 6 weeks of age
(J:42054)
• mice weigh about 30% less than controls around 86 days of age
(J:72578)
|
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• observed with thin hair sheaths at 3 weeks of age and contain tissue debris
• cyst size increases with age
|
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• beginning after weaning
(J:42054)
|
skeleton
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• appearance is similar to that of advanced rickets with widening of the epiphysis, thinning of the cortex, and fraying, cupping, and widening of the metaphysis
|
|
|
• appearance is similar to that of advanced rickets with widening of the epiphysis, thinning of the cortex, and fraying, cupping, and widening of the metaphysis
|
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• loss of columnar structure
|
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• widened in the tibia and fibula at 13 weeks of age
• layers of cartilage are wider with inadequate mineralization
|
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|
• fraying, cupping, and widening of the metaphysis are seen in the tibia and fibula at 13 weeks of age
|
|
|
• about a 40% reduction is detected at 7 weeks of age, but bone density is similar to wild-type prior to weaning
(J:42054)
• mean femoral calcium levels are reduced by about 30%
(J:72578)
|
|
|
• thinning in the tibia and fibula at 13 weeks of age
|
|
|
• bone surfaces in cancellous bone are surrounded by numerous osteoblastic cells
• osteoclast numbers are similar to wild-type
|
|
|
• in bone adjacent to the growth plates the extent and width of osteoid seems is increased and bone surfaces are surrounded by numerous osteoblastic cells
|
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|
• impaired bone formation after weaning
|
|
|
• low bone calcium when fed a normal diet
• bone calcium levels are similar to wild-type when mice are fed a high-lactose and are partially restored in mice on a high-fat diet
|
|
|
• is observed in these mice when fed a normal chow diet
(J:72578)
• develop after 3 weeks of age
(J:110729)
|
reproductive system
 |
• increased motility observed after supplementatiom with estradiol and, to a lesser extent, calcium
|
 |
• only primary and secondary follicles are seen at 7 weeks of age
|
|
|
• at 7 weeks of age the uterus appears immature and hypoplastic; however uterine development is normal until 4 - 5 weeks of age
• treatment with estrogen increases uterine size
|
|
|
• sperm counts were approximately half of those of wild-type and heterozygous mice at 10 weeks of age
• normal sperm counts in mice supplemented with estradiol
|
|
|
• dilation of tubules at 10 weeks of age with further dilation and atrophy at 15 weeks of age
• seminiferous tubules of mice supplemented with estradiol are histologically indistinct from wild-type
|
|
|
• testicular weight was increased at 10 weeks of age relative to wild-type, however it was normal at 15 weeks of age
|
|
|
• females did not show labial swelling or reddening of vaginal membranes
|
|
|
(J:42054)
• when maintained on a nonpurified diet from weaning only 14% are fertile
(J:69822)
• however, when fed a 10% lactose diet or on a high calcium diet all mice are fertile and litter size is similar to wild-type
(J:69822)
|
|
|
• fertility is reduced when mice are on a 0.47% calcium diet
|
|
|
(J:42054)
• when maintained on a nonpurified diet from weaning only 14% are fertile
(J:69822)
• however, when fed a 10% lactose diet or on a high calcium diet all mice are fertile
(J:69822)
|
|
|
• fertility is reduced when mice are on a 0.47% calcium diet
|
homeostasis/metabolism
immune system
|
|
• impaired chemotaxis capacity in response to casain or fnlpntl in mice on a normal diet but not in mice fed a high-lactose or high-fat diet
|
|
|
• anti-CD3 stimulated proliferation is impaired in splenocytes from mice fed a normal diet but not in mice fed a high-fat diet
|
|
|
• highly resistant to streptozotocin induced diabetes when fed a normal diet but not when fed a high-lactose or high-fat diet
|
|
|
• after 17 days of MC903 application to the ears
|
digestive/alimentary system
|
|
• in the sigmoid colon, the proliferative compartment is enlarged towards the upper part of the crypt and density of PCNA staining is increased
|
|
|
• in the descending colon more cells are positive for DNA oxidation and increased cell proliferation is seen
|
|
|
• mice have about a 3-fold lower ability to absorb calcium through the gut after being maintained on a low calcium diet
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
|
|
• in the sigmoid colon, the proliferative compartment is enlarged towards the upper part of the crypt and density of PCNA staining is increased
|
|
|
• only primary and secondary follicles are seen at 7 weeks of age
|
|
|
• dilation of tubules at 10 weeks of age with further dilation and atrophy at 15 weeks of age
• seminiferous tubules of mice supplemented with estradiol are histologically indistinct from wild-type
|
|
|
• testicular weight was increased at 10 weeks of age relative to wild-type, however it was normal at 15 weeks of age
|
limbs/digits/tail
|
|
• appearance is similar to that of advanced rickets with widening of the epiphysis, thinning of the cortex, and fraying, cupping, and widening of the metaphysis
|
|
|
• appearance is similar to that of advanced rickets with widening of the epiphysis, thinning of the cortex, and fraying, cupping, and widening of the metaphysis
|
hematopoietic system
|
|
• impaired chemotaxis capacity in response to casain or fnlpntl in mice on a normal diet but not in mice fed a high-lactose or high-fat diet
|
|
|
• anti-CD3 stimulated proliferation is impaired in splenocytes from mice fed a normal diet but not in mice fed a high-fat diet
|
integument
|
N |
• topical application of MC903 does not create an atopic dermatitis-like (AD) phenotype in null mice as in Vdrtm1Pcn homozygotes
|
|
|
• observed with thin hair sheaths at 3 weeks of age and contain tissue debris
• cyst size increases with age
|
|
|
• after 17 days of MC903 application to the ears
|
|
|
• develops by 7 weeks of age
(J:42054)
• mice develop a progressive form of alopecia that occurs with little skin inflammation
(J:67149)
• seen in some mice by 6 weeks of age and in most by 3 months of age with near total hair loss by 8 months of age
(J:110729)
|
|
|
• at 3 weeks, hair follicles lacking hair shafts are dilated
|
|
|
• few whiskers present at 7 weeks of age
|
|
|
• decreased hair follicle proliferation
|
|
|
• increase in the number of small dense granules with few or no surrounding keratin bundles and apparent absence of mature keratohyalin granules
|
|
|
• at 1 week of age, expression of differentiation markers in the epidermis is decreased compared to wild-type, but this difference is reduced by 3 weeks of age
|
cellular
|
|
• sperm counts were approximately half of those of wild-type and heterozygous mice at 10 weeks of age
• normal sperm counts in mice supplemented with estradiol
|
|
|
• impaired chemotaxis capacity in response to casain or fnlpntl in mice on a normal diet but not in mice fed a high-lactose or high-fat diet
|
|
|
• increased motility observed after supplementatiom with estradiol and, to a lesser extent, calcium
|
|
|
• anti-CD3 stimulated proliferation is impaired in splenocytes from mice fed a normal diet but not in mice fed a high-fat diet
|
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