Phenotypes associated with this allele
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| Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ghrhrlit mutation
(3 available);
any
Ghrhr mutation
(32 available)
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skeleton
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• at 4 months of age the average femur length in homozygous females on the C3H/HeJ background is 12.3mm versus 15.2mm in heterozygotes
• at 4 months of age the average femur length in homozygous males on the C3H/HeJ background is 12.4mm versus 15.7mm in heterozygotes
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• The average periosteal circumference in homozygous females (3.43 mm) is significantly less than in heterozygotes (4.36 mm) and similar results are found on the C57BL/6J background so there is not a strong impact of genetic background on body size and bone geometry as there is on bone mineral density
• The average periosteal circumference in homozygous males (3.85 mm) is significantly less than in heterozygotes (4.88 mm) and similar results are found on the C57BL/6J background so there is not a strong impact of genetic background on body size and bone geometry as there is on bone mineral density
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• Background Sensitivity: on a C3H/HeJ congenic background homozygous females at 4 months of age have a femoral bone mineral density of 0.582 mg/mm3 compared with 0.451 mg/mm3 on the C57BL/6J background
• Background Sensitivity: on a C3H/HeJ congenic background homozygous males at 4 months of age have a femoral bone mineral density of 0.61 mg/mm3 compared with 0.453 mg/mm3 on the C57BL/6J background
• Background Sensitivity: the whole body bone mineral density measured between 4 and 16 weeks of age is significantly lower in homozygotes on the C57BL/6J background than on the C3H/HeJ background and is lower in homozygotes than heterozygotes
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• at 4 months of age homozygous females have a femoral bone mineral density of 0.582 mg/mm3 where heterozygote have 0.698 mg/mm3
• at 4 months of age homozygous males have a femoral bone mineral density of 0.61 mg/mm3 where heterozygote have 0.691 mg/mm3
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growth/size/body
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• homozygous females at 4 months of age weigh on average 15.8g whereas heterozygotes weigh 27.5g
• homozygous males at 4 months of age weigh on average 25.8g whereas heterozygotes weigh 35.8g
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limbs/digits/tail
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• at 4 months of age the average femur length in homozygous females on the C3H/HeJ background is 12.3mm versus 15.2mm in heterozygotes
• at 4 months of age the average femur length in homozygous males on the C3H/HeJ background is 12.4mm versus 15.7mm in heterozygotes
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homeostasis/metabolism
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| Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ghrhrlit mutation
(3 available);
any
Ghrhr mutation
(32 available)
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adipose tissue
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• greater amounts than wild-type controls
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• some cells are devoid of secretory granules
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• some cells have reduced numbers of secretory granules
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• failed milk production with first, but not subsequent, litters
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growth/size/body
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• at 40 weeks of age the body fat of homozygous males is considerably higher than that of heterozygous males
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• proportionate skeletal size reduction
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• female homozygotes mated to intact or vasectomized males gain weight as a result of pregnancy or pseudopregnancy and have increased bone length in the tibia and femur, and increased length and width in the scapula and skull
(J:5710)
• both males and females have increased weight and bone growth as a result of pituitary grafts or a course of i.p. injections of ovine growth hormone
(J:5710)
• homozygous males display a linear increase of weight from 4 to 16 weeks of age; they do not have a peak growth rate at 5 weeks of age, which heterozygous males do, and out to 16 weeks of age homozygotes do not show a plateau in their body weight, which heterozygotes do by approximately 12 to 15 weeks of age
(J:81023)
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• reduced weight, beginning at 2 weeks of age
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homeostasis/metabolism
reproductive system
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• only 50% sired first litters, only 50% of these sired second litters, third litters rare
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nervous system
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• some cells are devoid of secretory granules
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• some cells have reduced numbers of secretory granules
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behavior/neurological
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• although mature food intake is less than that of heterozygotes, it is commensurate with body weight with heterozygous males taking in an average 1.0 +/- .12 g/g body weight and homozygous males taking in an average of 1.2 +/- .23 g/g body weight
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• homozygotes have shorter non-rapid eye movement sleep episodes during the light period and have them slightly more frequently than do heterozygotes, homozygotes also have significantly decreased rapid eye movement sleep episode frequency during the light period although the duration of rapid eye movement sleep episodes is normal
• subcutaneous infusion of growth hormone increases the frequency of rapid eye movement sleep episodes during the light cycle to levels similar to those of heterozygous controls, although infusion of growth hormone does not correct the non-rapid eye movement sleep episodes
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skeleton
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• homozygous males have a lower bone mass than heterozygous males although the bone mass of both attains maturity at 12 to 15 weeks of age and has a maximum growth rate at 5 weeks
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• female homozygotes mated to intact or vasectomized males gain weight as a result of pregnancy or pseudopregnancy and have increased bone length in the tibia and femur, and increased length and width in the scapula and skull
• both males and females have increased weight and bone growth as a result of pituitary grafts or a course of i.p. injections of ovine growth hormone
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integument
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• failed milk production with first, but not subsequent, litters
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immune system
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| Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ghrhrlit mutation
(3 available);
any
Ghrhr mutation
(32 available)
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Ghrhrlit/Ghrhrlit and Ghrhrlit/Ghrhr+ mice
homeostasis/metabolism
growth/size/body
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• relative to body weight in male mice
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• through 500 days, female mice exhibit decreased body weight compared with wild-type mice
(J:95779)
• at 4 months of age homozygous females weigh an average of 16.5g compared with heterozygous females 21.9g, and homozygous males weigh an average of 20.1g compared with heterozgyous males 30.2g
(J:209717)
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• male and female mice exhibit reduced body weight gain compared with wild-type mice
• however, male mice exhibit catch-up weight-gain at 120 to 180 days of life
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skeleton
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• at 4 months of age the average femur length in homozygous females on the C57BL/6J background is 12mm versus 15.4mm in heterozygotes, and in homozygous males is 12mm versus 15.6mm in heterozygotes
(J:209717)
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• At 4 months of age, the average periosteal circumference in homozygous females (3.8 mm) is significantly less than in heterozygotes (4.76 mm), and in homozygous males (3.66 mm) is also significantly less than in heterozygotes (4.9 mm)
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• Background Sensitivity: whole body bone mineral density measured between 4 and 16 weeks of age is significantly lower in homozygotes on the C57BL/6J background than on the C3H/HeJ background and is lower in homozygotes than heterozygotes
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• at 4 months of age, homozygous females have a femoral bone mineral density of 0.451 mg/mm3 whereas heterozygotes have 0.482 mg/mm3
• at 4 months of age, homozygous males have a femoral bone mineral density of 0.453 mg/mm3 whereas heterozygotes have 0.502 mg/mm3
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adipose tissue
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• body fat relative to femur length in male mice is increased compared to in wild-type mice
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limbs/digits/tail
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• at 4 months of age the average femur length in homozygous females on the C57BL/6J background is 12mm versus 15.4mm in heterozygotes, and in homozygous males is 12mm versus 15.6mm in heterozygotes
(J:209717)
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| Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ghrhrlit mutation
(3 available);
any
Ghrhr mutation
(32 available)
M14104Asr mutation
(0 available);
any
M14104Asr mutation
(0 available)
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growth/size/body
skeleton
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• significantly slender bones
• both periosteal and endosteal circumference and cross-sectional area at the mid shaft of the femur are reduced; however, the cortical thickness and the length is similar to control
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• significantly slender bones
• both periosteal and endosteal circumference and cross-sectional area at the mid shaft of the tibia are reduced; however, the cortical thickness and the length is similar to control
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• increased volumetric bone density
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• the body weight adjusted bone size was lower
• the magnitude of bone size phenotype is significantly enhanced by presence of Ghrhrlit allele
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limbs/digits/tail
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• significantly slender bones
• both periosteal and endosteal circumference and cross-sectional area at the mid shaft of the femur are reduced; however, the cortical thickness and the length is similar to control
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• significantly slender bones
• both periosteal and endosteal circumference and cross-sectional area at the mid shaft of the tibia are reduced; however, the cortical thickness and the length is similar to control
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| Find Mice |
Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ghrhrlit mutation
(3 available);
any
Ghrhr mutation
(32 available)
M14104Asr mutation
(0 available);
any
M14104Asr mutation
(0 available)
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growth/size/body
skeleton
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• significantly slender bones
• both periosteal and endosteal circumference and cross-sectional area at the mid shaft of the femur are reduced; however, the cortical thickness and the length is similar to control
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• significantly slender bones
• both periosteal and endosteal circumference and cross-sectional area at the mid shaft of the tibia are reduced; however, the cortical thickness and the length is similar to control
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• increased volumetric bone density
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• the body weight adjusted bone size was lower
• the magnitude of bone size phenotype is significantly enhanced by presence of Ghrhrlit allele
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limbs/digits/tail
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• significantly slender bones
• both periosteal and endosteal circumference and cross-sectional area at the mid shaft of the femur are reduced; however, the cortical thickness and the length is similar to control
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• significantly slender bones
• both periosteal and endosteal circumference and cross-sectional area at the mid shaft of the tibia are reduced; however, the cortical thickness and the length is similar to control
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homeostasis/metabolism
growth/size/body
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• at P7, mice weigh less than wild-type mice unlike either single homozygote
• however, by 600 days male mice exhibit normal body weight
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• up to 1 year of age, female mice exhibit a reduced body weight gain compared with wild-type mice that is similar to in Ghrhrlit female mice
• until 160 days of age, male mice exhibit decreased body weight gain compared with wild-type mice
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skeleton
adipose tissue
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• body fat as a percent of body weight in male mice is increased compared to in wild-type mice
• aging female mice exhibit increased percent body fat compared with wild-type mice
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behavior/neurological
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• in male mice at 15 months of age
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limbs/digits/tail
Analysis Tools