Go Annotations as Summary Text (Tabular View) (GO Graph)

GO curators for mouse genes have assigned the following annotations to the gene product of Cdc42. (This text reflects annotations as of Wednesday, January 23, 2013.)

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Summary from NCBI RefSeq

[Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] The protein encoded by this gene is a small GTPase of the Rho-subfamily, which regulates signaling pathways that control diverse cellular functions including cell morphology, migration, endocytosis and cell cycle progression. This protein is highly similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc 42, and is able to complement the yeast cdc42-1 mutant. The product of oncogene Dbl was reported to specifically catalyze the dissociation of GDP from this protein. This protein could regulate actin polymerization through its direct binding to Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP), which subsequently activates Arp2/3 complex. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

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Summary text based on GO annotations supported by experimental evidence in mouse

• Researchers have inferred from direct assay, that the gene product of Cdc42
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • filopodium assembly ^[17]
    • GTP catabolic process ^{[4, 17]}
    • positive regulation of MAPK cascade ^[16]
    • regulation of protein heterodimerization activity ^[16]
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • GTP binding ^[23]
    • GTPase activity ^{[4, 17]}
  • is located in the following cellular components:
    • apical part of cell ^[2]
    • cell periphery ^[14]
    • cell projection ^[1]
    • cytoplasm ^{[14, 21]}
• The gene product of Cdc42 has been shown to bind to the gene products of Arhgap33, Ccpg1, Cdc42ep5, Dock10, Dock9, Iqgap1, Pak1, Prkcz, Tnk2, Vamp2. ^{[3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 22, 23]} Researchers have inferred, based on physical interactions, that the gene product of Cdc42
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • GTP-dependent protein binding ^[9]
    • protein kinase binding ^[6]
• Researchers have inferred, based on phenotypic analysis of mouse mutants, that the gene product of Cdc42
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • actin filament bundle assembly ^[23]
    • adherens junction organization ^[2]
    • canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway ^[23]
    • cell-cell adhesion ^[23]
    • cellular protein localization ^[20]
    • epidermis morphogenesis ^[23]
    • epithelial cell-cell adhesion ^[23]
    • epithelial-mesenchymal cell signaling ^[23]
    • establishment or maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity ^[2]
    • hair follicle morphogenesis ^[23]
    • hair follicle placode formation ^[23]
    • keratinization ^[23]
    • keratinocyte development ^[23]
    • multicellular organism growth ^[23]
    • negative regulation of gene expression ^[23]
    • neuron fate determination ^[2]
    • nuclear migration ^{[2, 5]}
    • nucleus localization ^[2]
    • positive regulation of gene expression ^[23]
    • positive regulation of hair follicle cell proliferation ^[23]
    • positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation ^[23]
    • positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity ^[1]
    • positive regulation of protein phosphorylation ^[23]
    • regulation of mitosis ^[2]
    • regulation of protein catabolic process ^[23]
    • regulation of protein kinase activity ^[23]
    • regulation of protein metabolic process ^[23]
    • regulation of protein stability ^[23]
• Researchers have inferred, based on genetic interactions, that the gene product of Cdc42
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • cardiac conduction system development based on interactions with Nkx2-5 ^[18]
    • heart contraction based on interactions with Nkx2-5 ^[18]

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Summary text based on GO annotations supported by experimental evidence in other organisms

• From comparative sequence analysis (see table for details), MGI curators have determined that the gene product of Cdc42:
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • actin cytoskeleton organization
    • actin filament branching
    • actin filament organization
    • establishment of Golgi localization
    • Golgi organization
    • GTP catabolic process
    • negative regulation of protein complex assembly
    • organelle transport along microtubule
    • positive regulation of cell cycle cytokinesis
    • positive regulation of DNA replication
    • positive regulation of intracellular protein transport
    • positive regulation of JNK cascade
    • positive regulation of metalloenzyme activity
    • positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process
    • positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly
    • positive regulation of synapse structural plasticity
    • regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
    • regulation of filopodium assembly
    • sprouting angiogenesis
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • apolipoprotein A-I receptor binding
    • GTP binding
    • GTPase activity
    • identical protein binding
    • mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding
    • protein kinase binding
    • thioesterase binding
  • is located in the following cellular components:
    • cytoplasm
    • filopodium
    • Golgi membrane
    • midbody
    • mitotic spindle
    • neuron projection
    • neuronal cell body
    • plasma membrane
    • secretory granule
    • spindle midzone

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Summary text based on GO annotations supported by structural data

• Cdc42 encodes a protein or proteins that contain the following InterPro domains: Small GTP-binding protein domain, Small GTPase superfamily, Small GTPase superfamily, Rho type, indicating that the gene product:
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • small GTPase mediated signal transduction
  • is located in the following cellular components:
    • intracellular

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Summary text for additional MGI annotations

• Automated translation to GO terms of SwissProt keywords that describe Cdc42 indicates that it:
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • cell differentiation
    • cell division
    • nervous system development
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • nucleotide binding
  • is located in the following cellular components:
    • cytoskeleton
    • membrane

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References

1. Aoki K et al. (2005) Local phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate accumulation recruits Vav2 and Vav3 to activate Rac1/Cdc42 and initiate neurite outgrowth in nerve growth factor-stimulated PC12 cells. Mol Biol Cell, 16:2207-17. (PubMed:15728722)
2. Cappello S et al. (2006) The Rho-GTPase cdc42 regulates neural progenitor fate at the apical surface. Nat Neurosci, 9:1099-107. (PubMed:16892058)
3. Chiang SH et al. (2003) TCGAP, a multidomain Rho GTPase-activating protein involved in insulin-stimulated glucose transport. EMBO J, 22:2679-91. (PubMed:12773384)
4. Gakidis MA et al. (2004) Vav GEFs are required for beta2 integrin-dependent functions of neutrophils. J Cell Biol, 166:273-82. (PubMed:15249579)
5. Gomes ER et al. (2005) Nuclear movement regulated by Cdc42, MRCK, myosin, and actin flow establishes MTOC polarization in migrating cells. Cell, 121:451-63. (PubMed:15882626)
6. Haebig K et al. (2010) ARHGEF7 (Beta-PIX) acts as guanine nucleotide exchange factor for leucine-rich repeat kinase 2. PLoS One, 5:e13762. (PubMed:21048939)
7. Hirsch DS et al. (2001) A new family of Cdc42 effector proteins, CEPs, function in fibroblast and epithelial cell shape changes. J Biol Chem, 276:875-83. (PubMed:11035016)
8. Joberty G et al. (1999) The Borgs, a new family of Cdc42 and TC10 GTPase-interacting proteins. Mol Cell Biol, 19:6585-97. (PubMed:10490598)
9. Johansson A et al. (2000) The mammalian homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans polarity protein PAR-6 is a binding partner for the Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1. J Cell Sci, 113:3267-75. (PubMed:10954424)
10. Kostenko EV et al. (2006) Ccpg1, a novel scaffold protein that regulates the activity of the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor Dbs. Mol Cell Biol, 26:8964-75. (PubMed:17000758)
11. Miki T et al. (1993) Oncogene ect2 is related to regulators of small GTP-binding proteins [published erratum appears in Nature 1993 Aug 19;364(6439):737] Nature, 362:462-5. (PubMed:8464478)
12. Nevins AK et al. (2005) A direct interaction between Cdc42 and vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 regulates SNARE-dependent insulin exocytosis. J Biol Chem, 280:1944-52. (PubMed:15537656)
13. Nishikimi A et al. (2005) Zizimin2: a novel, DOCK180-related Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor expressed predominantly in lymphocytes. FEBS Lett, 579:1039-46. (PubMed:15710388)
14. Nishiyama A et al. (2009) Uncovering early response of gene regulatory networks in ESCs by systematic induction of transcription factors. Cell Stem Cell, 5:420-33. (PubMed:19796622)
15. Nojima H et al. (2008) IQGAP3 regulates cell proliferation through the Ras/ERK signalling cascade. Nat Cell Biol, 10:971-8. (PubMed:18604197)
16. Oh JE et al. (2009) Cdo promotes neuronal differentiation via activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. FASEB J, 23:2088-99. (PubMed:19244314)
17. Prakash SK et al. (2000) Functional analysis of ARHGAP6, a novel GTPase-activating protein for RhoA. Hum Mol Genet, 9:477-88. (PubMed:10699171)
18. Qian L et al. (2011) Tinman/Nkx2-5 acts via miR-1 and upstream of Cdc42 to regulate heart function across species. J Cell Biol, 193:1181-96. (PubMed:21690310)
19. Ryan XP et al. (2005) The Rho-Specific GEF Lfc Interacts with Neurabin and Spinophilin to Regulate Dendritic Spine Morphology. Neuron, 47:85-100. (PubMed:15996550)
20. Sharma M et al. (2006) Membrane localization of adenomatous polyposis coli protein at cellular protrusions: targeting sequences and regulation by beta-catenin. J Biol Chem, 281:17140-9. (PubMed:16621792)
21. Tunggal JA et al. (2005) E-cadherin is essential for in vivo epidermal barrier function by regulating tight junctions. EMBO J, 24:1146-56. (PubMed:15775979)
22. Urena JM et al. (2005) Expression, synaptic localization, and developmental regulation of Ack1/Pyk1, a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase highly expressed in the developing and adult brain. J Comp Neurol, 490:119-32. (PubMed:16052498)
23. Wu X et al. (2006) Cdc42 controls progenitor cell differentiation and beta-catenin turnover in skin. Genes Dev, 20:571-85. (PubMed:16510873)

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Gene Ontology Evidence Code Abbreviations:

EXP Inferred from experiment

IC Inferred by curator

IDA Inferred from direct assay

IEA Inferred from electronic annotation

IGI Inferred from genetic interaction

IMP Inferred from mutant phenotype

IPI Inferred from physical interaction

ISS Inferred from sequence or structural similarity

ISO Inferred from sequence orthology

ISA Inferred from sequence alignment

ISM Inferred from sequence model

NAS Non-traceable author statement

ND No biological data available

RCA Reviewed computational analysis

TAS Traceable author statement

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