Go Annotations as Summary Text (Tabular View) (GO Graph)

GO curators for mouse genes have assigned the following annotations to the gene product of Dlx5. (This text reflects annotations as of Wednesday, January 23, 2013.)

---

Summary from NCBI RefSeq

[Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] This gene encodes a member of a homeobox transcription factor gene family similiar to the Drosophila distal-less gene. The encoded protein may play a role in bone development and fracture healing. Mutation in this gene, which is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the family on the long arm of chromosome 7, may be associated with split-hand/split-foot malformation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

---

Summary text based on GO annotations supported by experimental evidence in mouse

• Researchers have inferred from direct assay, that the gene product of Dlx5
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • osteoblast differentiation ^[2]
    • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent ^[2]
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • DNA binding ^[4]
    • transcription regulatory region DNA binding ^[2]
  • is located in the following cellular components:
    • cytoplasm ^[1]
    • nucleus ^[1]
• The gene product of Dlx5 has been shown to bind to the gene products of Maged1. ^[6] Researchers have inferred, based on physical interactions, that the gene product of Dlx5
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • HMG box domain binding ^[13]
• Researchers have inferred, based on phenotypic analysis of mouse mutants, that the gene product of Dlx5
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • axon guidance ^[14]
    • axonogenesis ^[5]
    • bone morphogenesis ^[3]
    • ear development ^[3]
    • endochondral ossification ^[15]
    • face morphogenesis ^[3]
    • inner ear morphogenesis ^[8]
    • olfactory pit development ^[5]
    • palate development ^[3]
    • positive regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway ^[14]
    • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent ^[8]
• Researchers have inferred, based on genetic interactions, that the gene product of Dlx5
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis based on interactions with Dlx6 ^[11]
    • embryonic limb morphogenesis based on interactions with Dlx6 ^[7]
    • epithelial cell differentiation based on interactions with Dlx6 ^[11]
    • head development based on interactions with Dlx6 ^[10]
    • inner ear morphogenesis based on interactions with Dlx6 ^[9]
    • palate development based on interactions with Dlx6, Mef2c ^[12]
    • positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation based on interactions with Dlx6 ^[9]
    • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter based on interactions with Mef2c ^[12]

---

Summary text based on GO annotations supported by experimental evidence in other organisms

• From comparative sequence analysis (see table for details), MGI curators have determined that the gene product of Dlx5:
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • cell proliferation
    • positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation
    • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • transcription regulatory region DNA binding
  • is located in the following cellular components:
    • nucleus

---

Summary text based on GO annotations supported by structural data

• Dlx5 encodes a protein or proteins that contain the following InterPro domains: Distal-less-like homeobox protein, N-terminal domain, Helix-turn-helix motif, Homeobox, conserved site, Homeodomain, Homeodomain, metazoa, Homeodomain-like, indicating that the gene product:
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • sequence-specific DNA binding
    • sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
    • transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

---

Summary text for additional MGI annotations

• Automated translation to GO terms of SwissProt keywords that describe Dlx5 indicates that it:
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • multicellular organismal development
    • ossification
    • transcription, DNA-dependent

---

References

1. Eisenstat DD et al. (1999) DLX-1, DLX-2, and DLX-5 expression define distinct stages of basal forebrain differentiation. J Comp Neurol, 414:217-37. (PubMed:10516593)
2. Kim YJ et al. (2004) Bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced alkaline phosphatase expression is stimulated by Dlx5 and repressed by Msx2. J Biol Chem, 279:50773-80. (PubMed:15383550)
3. Levi G et al. (2006) Msx1 and Dlx5 act independently in development of craniofacial skeleton, but converge on the regulation of Bmp signaling in palate formation. Mech Dev, 123:3-16. (PubMed:16330189)
4. Liu JK et al. (1997) Dlx genes encode DNA-binding proteins that are expressed in an overlapping and sequential pattern during basal ganglia differentiation. Dev Dyn, 210:498-512. (PubMed:9415433)
5. Long JE et al. (2003) DLX5 regulates development of peripheral and central components of the olfactory system. J Neurosci, 23:568-78. (PubMed:12533617)
6. Masuda Y et al. (2001) Dlxin-1, a novel protein that binds Dlx5 and regulates its transcriptional function. J Biol Chem, 276:5331-8. (PubMed:11084035)
7. Merlo GR et al. (2002) Mouse model of split hand/foot malformation type I. Genesis, 33:97-101. (PubMed:12112878)
8. Merlo GR et al. (2002) The Dlx5 homeobox gene is essential for vestibular morphogenesis in the mouse embryo through a BMP4-mediated pathway. Dev Biol, 248:157-69. (PubMed:12142028)
9. Robledo RF et al. (2006) Dlx5 and Dlx6 homeobox genes are required for specification of the mammalian vestibular apparatus. Genesis, 44:425-37. (PubMed:16900517)
10. Ruest LB et al. (2004) Endothelin-A receptor-dependent and -independent signaling pathways in establishing mandibular identity. Development, 131:4413-23. (PubMed:15306564)
11. Suzuki K et al. (2008) Abnormal urethra formation in mouse models of Split-hand/split-foot malformation type 1 and type 4. Eur J Hum Genet, 16:36-44. (PubMed:17878916)
12. Verzi MP et al. (2007) The transcription factor MEF2C is required for craniofacial development. Dev Cell, 12:645-52. (PubMed:17420000)
13. Wissmuller S et al. (2006) The high-mobility-group domain of Sox proteins interacts with DNA-binding domains of many transcription factors. Nucleic Acids Res, 34:1735-44. (PubMed:16582099)
14. Zaghetto AA et al. (2007) Activation of the Wnt-beta catenin pathway in a cell population on the surface of the forebrain is essential for the establishment of olfactory axon connections. J Neurosci, 27:9757-68. (PubMed:17804636)
15. Zhu H et al. (2009) Dlx5 Is a cell autonomous regulator of chondrocyte hypertrophy in mice and functionally substitutes for Dlx6 during endochondral ossification. PLoS One, 4:e8097. (PubMed:19956613)

---

---

Gene Ontology Evidence Code Abbreviations:

EXP Inferred from experiment

IC Inferred by curator

IDA Inferred from direct assay

IEA Inferred from electronic annotation

IGI Inferred from genetic interaction

IMP Inferred from mutant phenotype

IPI Inferred from physical interaction

ISS Inferred from sequence or structural similarity

ISO Inferred from sequence orthology

ISA Inferred from sequence alignment

ISM Inferred from sequence model

NAS Non-traceable author statement

ND No biological data available

RCA Reviewed computational analysis

TAS Traceable author statement

---