Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• mice are born at expected Mendelian ratios; however, all neonates die within hours after birth
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homeostasis/metabolism
respiratory system
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• at P0, the nasal capsule is missing
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• at E17.5, the nasal septum cartilage is abnormally ossified and malformed
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• thyroid cartilage is abnormally ossified at P0
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behavior/neurological
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• newborns are unable to suckle
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craniofacial
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• at P0, all mice exhibit severe craniofacial malformations
• however, embryos are grossly normal at E10.5 and E12.5
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• newborns show severe craniofacial skeleton defects due to accelerated osteochondrogenic differentiation; the NCC-derived nasal capsule, maxilla, premaxilla, mandible, tympanic ring and body of hyoid bone are absent or severely malformed
• in contrast, mesoderm-derived skeleton elements including the parietal, lateral portion of the interparietal, supraoccipital, exoccipital, basioccipital and otic capsule are formed normally
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• hyoid bone is heavily ossified at P0
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• newborns exhibit an over-ossified body of the hyoid bone
• premature ossification in the body of hyoid bone is first seen at E15.5
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• incisor tip is abnormally ossified at E14.5 and E15.5
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• newborns exhibit a hypoplastic and malformed mandible
• mandibular bone is heavily ossified at P0
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• at P0, the angular process is missing
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• at P0, the condylar process is missing
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• at P0, the coronoid process is missing
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• at E16.5, E18.5 and P0, the mandible is severely shortened
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• newborns exhibit a hypoplastic and malformed maxilla
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• newborns exhibit a hypoplastic and malformed premaxilla
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• at E16.5, E18.5 and P0, the maxilla is severely shortened
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• at P0, mice exhibit a domed skull
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• neonatal palatal bones are severely hypoplastic and thus palate is cleft
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• at P0, the nasal capsule is missing
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• palatal shelves are well developed and elevate to the horizontal position above tongue but fail to elongate or fuse at E14.5
• however, in vitro, palatal shelves show complete fusion with normal disappearance of the medial edge epithelium after 72 hours in organ culture
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round face
(
J:254756
)
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• at E14.5, embryos exhibit a round face
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• newborns exhibit a complete cleft palate caused by craniofacial skeleton defects
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• at E16.5 and E18.5, the tongue is arched rather than flat
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• at E16.5, E18.5 and P0, mice exhibit an exposed (protuberant) tongue
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• at E17.5, the nasal septum cartilage is abnormally ossified and malformed
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short snout
(
J:254756
)
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• at E14.5, embryos exhibit a short snout
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skeleton
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• newborns show severe craniofacial skeleton defects due to accelerated osteochondrogenic differentiation; the NCC-derived nasal capsule, maxilla, premaxilla, mandible, tympanic ring and body of hyoid bone are absent or severely malformed
• in contrast, mesoderm-derived skeleton elements including the parietal, lateral portion of the interparietal, supraoccipital, exoccipital, basioccipital and otic capsule are formed normally
|
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• hyoid bone is heavily ossified at P0
|
|
• newborns exhibit an over-ossified body of the hyoid bone
• premature ossification in the body of hyoid bone is first seen at E15.5
|
|
• incisor tip is abnormally ossified at E14.5 and E15.5
|
|
• newborns exhibit a hypoplastic and malformed mandible
• mandibular bone is heavily ossified at P0
|
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• at P0, the angular process is missing
|
|
• at P0, the condylar process is missing
|
|
• at P0, the coronoid process is missing
|
|
• at E16.5, E18.5 and P0, the mandible is severely shortened
|
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• newborns exhibit a hypoplastic and malformed maxilla
|
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• newborns exhibit a hypoplastic and malformed premaxilla
|
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• at E16.5, E18.5 and P0, the maxilla is severely shortened
|
|
• at P0, mice exhibit a domed skull
|
|
• neonatal palatal bones are severely hypoplastic and thus palate is cleft
|
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• at P0, the nasal capsule is missing
|
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• at E17.5, the nasal septum cartilage is abnormally ossified and malformed
|
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• thyroid cartilage is abnormally ossified at P0
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• mice exhibit abnormal ossification within the maxilla and mandible, nasal septum, hyoid and laryngeal cartilages
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• premature ossification in the body of hyoid bone is first seen at E15.5
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• newborns exhibit premature frontal suture closure (craniosynostosis)
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vision/eye
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• at E14.5, embryos exhibit hypertelorism
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hearing/vestibular/ear
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• neonatal tympanic rings are thickened and deformed
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nervous system
| N |
• morphology of cranial nerves is grossly normal at E10.5 and E12.5
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• size of sympathetic ganglia is reduced at E16.5 and E17.5
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• size of dorsal root ganglia is reduced at E16.5 and E17.5
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digestive/alimentary system
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• neonatal palatal bones are severely hypoplastic and thus palate is cleft
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• palatal shelves are well developed and elevate to the horizontal position above tongue but fail to elongate or fuse at E14.5
• however, in vitro, palatal shelves show complete fusion with normal disappearance of the medial edge epithelium after 72 hours in organ culture
|
|
• newborns exhibit a complete cleft palate caused by craniofacial skeleton defects
|
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• at E16.5 and E18.5, the tongue is arched rather than flat
|
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• at E16.5, E18.5 and P0, mice exhibit an exposed (protuberant) tongue
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growth/size/body
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• incisor tip is abnormally ossified at E14.5 and E15.5
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• neonatal palatal bones are severely hypoplastic and thus palate is cleft
|
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• at P0, the nasal capsule is missing
|
|
• palatal shelves are well developed and elevate to the horizontal position above tongue but fail to elongate or fuse at E14.5
• however, in vitro, palatal shelves show complete fusion with normal disappearance of the medial edge epithelium after 72 hours in organ culture
|
round face
(
J:254756
)
|
• at E14.5, embryos exhibit a round face
|
|
• newborns exhibit a complete cleft palate caused by craniofacial skeleton defects
|
|
• at E16.5 and E18.5, the tongue is arched rather than flat
|
|
• at E16.5, E18.5 and P0, mice exhibit an exposed (protuberant) tongue
|
|
• at E17.5, the nasal septum cartilage is abnormally ossified and malformed
|
short snout
(
J:254756
)
|
• at E14.5, embryos exhibit a short snout
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cardiovascular system
| N |
• morphology of the cardiac outflow tract and cardiac development is grossly normal at E17.5
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embryo
| N |
• both cranial neural crest cell (CNCC) migration and CNCC proliferation are normal
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