Analysis Tools
craniofacial
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• embryos exhibit severe tooth bud defects
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micrognathia
(
J:298139
)
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• development of medial nasal processes is impaired
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• cell proliferation is delayed in the mesenchymal compartment of palate shelves; BrdU incorporation assays showed reduced cell proliferation at E12.5-13.5 but enhanced proliferation at E14.5
|
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• immunostaining of coronal sections of E14.5 embryos with anti-phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 showed increased BMP signaling especially in the anterior part of palate shelves
• cell proliferation is delayed in both the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments of palate shelves; BrdU incorporation assays showed reduced cell proliferation at E12.5-13.5 but enhanced proliferation at E14.5
|
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• at E14.5, palatal shelves are widely separated allowing direct view of the presphenoid bone
|
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• ex vivo, dissected E13.5 palate shelves placed in proximal apposition do fuse after 2 days in culture but the gap between the two shelves is not fully filled by mesenchymal cells and a fraction of midline epithelial seam is still present while expression of epithelial cytokeratins is not completely eliminated in the medial edge epithelium (MEE), unlike in control palate shelves
• degeneration of the MEE is compromised, as shown by less defused E-cadherin staining and a lower number of TUNEL+ apoptotic cells in MEE cells at E14.5 and reduced expression of Tgfb3 at E13.5
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• palate shelves appear smaller at E13.5
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• complete cleft lip observed at E14.5 and P0
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• complete cleft primary palate observed at E14.5 and P0
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• partially formed palate rugae observed at P0
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• complete secondary palate observed at E14.5 and P0
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• palate shelves continue to grow downward at both anterior and posterior positions at E14.5 and fail to elevate and complete fusion even at E15.5
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• tongue position is heightened at E14.5
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digestive/alimentary system
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• cell proliferation is delayed in the mesenchymal compartment of palate shelves; BrdU incorporation assays showed reduced cell proliferation at E12.5-13.5 but enhanced proliferation at E14.5
|
|
• immunostaining of coronal sections of E14.5 embryos with anti-phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 showed increased BMP signaling especially in the anterior part of palate shelves
• cell proliferation is delayed in both the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments of palate shelves; BrdU incorporation assays showed reduced cell proliferation at E12.5-13.5 but enhanced proliferation at E14.5
|
|
• at E14.5, palatal shelves are widely separated allowing direct view of the presphenoid bone
|
|
• ex vivo, dissected E13.5 palate shelves placed in proximal apposition do fuse after 2 days in culture but the gap between the two shelves is not fully filled by mesenchymal cells and a fraction of midline epithelial seam is still present while expression of epithelial cytokeratins is not completely eliminated in the medial edge epithelium (MEE), unlike in control palate shelves
• degeneration of the MEE is compromised, as shown by less defused E-cadherin staining and a lower number of TUNEL+ apoptotic cells in MEE cells at E14.5 and reduced expression of Tgfb3 at E13.5
|
|
• palate shelves appear smaller at E13.5
|
|
• complete cleft primary palate observed at E14.5 and P0
|
|
• partially formed palate rugae observed at P0
|
|
• complete secondary palate observed at E14.5 and P0
|
|
• palate shelves continue to grow downward at both anterior and posterior positions at E14.5 and fail to elevate and complete fusion even at E15.5
|
|
• tongue position is heightened at E14.5
|
growth/size/body
|
• embryos exhibit severe tooth bud defects
|
micrognathia
(
J:298139
)
|
• cell proliferation is delayed in the mesenchymal compartment of palate shelves; BrdU incorporation assays showed reduced cell proliferation at E12.5-13.5 but enhanced proliferation at E14.5
|
|
• immunostaining of coronal sections of E14.5 embryos with anti-phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 showed increased BMP signaling especially in the anterior part of palate shelves
• cell proliferation is delayed in both the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments of palate shelves; BrdU incorporation assays showed reduced cell proliferation at E12.5-13.5 but enhanced proliferation at E14.5
|
|
• at E14.5, palatal shelves are widely separated allowing direct view of the presphenoid bone
|
|
• ex vivo, dissected E13.5 palate shelves placed in proximal apposition do fuse after 2 days in culture but the gap between the two shelves is not fully filled by mesenchymal cells and a fraction of midline epithelial seam is still present while expression of epithelial cytokeratins is not completely eliminated in the medial edge epithelium (MEE), unlike in control palate shelves
• degeneration of the MEE is compromised, as shown by less defused E-cadherin staining and a lower number of TUNEL+ apoptotic cells in MEE cells at E14.5 and reduced expression of Tgfb3 at E13.5
|
|
• palate shelves appear smaller at E13.5
|
|
• complete cleft lip observed at E14.5 and P0
|
|
• complete cleft primary palate observed at E14.5 and P0
|
|
• partially formed palate rugae observed at P0
|
|
• complete secondary palate observed at E14.5 and P0
|
|
• palate shelves continue to grow downward at both anterior and posterior positions at E14.5 and fail to elevate and complete fusion even at E15.5
|
|
• tongue position is heightened at E14.5
|
skeleton
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• embryos exhibit severe tooth bud defects
|
micrognathia
(
J:298139
)
