behavior/neurological
| N |
• mice show no obsessive behavior in the marble burying test or depression-like behaviors in the forced swim and the tail suspension tests
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• mice show impaired learning and memory in the step-through passive avoidance test and the KUROBOX test
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• in the step-through passive avoidance test, mice show a significant increase in latency to enter into the dark chamber throughout the conditioning session relative to wild-type controls, suggesting increased freezing behavior upon exposure to the novel environment
• at 24 hr after conditioning, the step-through latency is significantly lower than that in wild-type controls in the retention trials, suggesting impaired learning and memory
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• mice exhibit increased freezing behavior in the cued fear conditioning test without exposure to cued (tone) stimulus, but show no significant differences in tone-dependent freezing relative to wild-type controls
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• mice show impaired spatial discrimination and poor exploratory behavior for foods in the KUROBOX test
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• mice exhibit increased anxiety-like behaviors in the light/dark transition test and the novelty-induced hypophagia test
• however, the anxiogenic response is normal in the elevated plus-maze test
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• in the open field test, mice show a significant reduction in total distance travelled, time spent in the center area, vertical activity, and stereotypic counts relative to wild-type controls
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nervous system
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• mice show impaired adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus
• in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus, the numbers of BrdU-positive cells and doublecortin-positive cells are significantly lower than those in wild-type controls, suggesting decreased neuronal cell proliferation
• however, total brain weight is normal
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• in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus, the numbers of BrdU-positive cells and doublecortin-positive cells are significantly lower than those in wild-type controls, suggesting decreased neuronal cell proliferation
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• mice show impaired adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus
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• at 30 min after theta burst stimulation, enhancement of field excitatory post-synaptic potential (fEPSP) is significantly declined in acute hippocampal slices, indicating that LTP induction is weaker than in wild-type controls
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• mice exhibit impaired long-term potentiation induction in the CA1 subfield of hippocampal slices
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growth/size/body
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• mice exhibit a significant decrease in body weight relative to wild-type controls
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• mice exhibit a significant decrease in body temperature relative to wild-type controls
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cellular
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• mice show impaired adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus
• in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus, the numbers of BrdU-positive cells and doublecortin-positive cells are significantly lower than those in wild-type controls, suggesting decreased neuronal cell proliferation
• however, total brain weight is normal
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• in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus, the numbers of BrdU-positive cells and doublecortin-positive cells are significantly lower than those in wild-type controls, suggesting decreased neuronal cell proliferation
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